7.20.19
Restore
Fortune
恢复财富
Huīfù cáifù
回復フォーチュン
Kaifuku fōchun
ps126
Restituere fortuna
When leadership restored fortune,
we were like those who received our portion.
We felt like those who dream while still awake.
There was the distinct feeling that this fortune wasn't fake.
Our mouth was filled with laughter.
It was like starting again after a climatic chapter.
The rider and the fighter were twins in the sky.
They fought for the standard to know how and why.
They released many captives from the burden of plight.
The captives were freed with the capacity for flight.
Courage watched leadership rise with his word.
Reason was challenged to struggle with the absurd.
The hunter drank in the storm faint though it had been.
He stalked the prey that he had yet to win.
The rider rested with his horse
in the investigation of the state of the forest.
Wildness preceded the primitive me.
Food and water have been granted to proceed.
The beauty of the course was swirled in stone.
She was dedicated to serve people like God alone.
Our tongues lifted sound above vocal cords.
Our joy was profound. Our bliss was adored.
Restore fortune with the cosmic sorter for order.
Grow us flowers plentiful as stars in the heavenly quarters.
Give us fertility instead of ashes.
Let water pour down while the lightening crashes.
Let oil be squeezed from olives or vegetables.
Let want be appeased, not made palid or miserable.
Let the mantle of praise lift up the weakness of spirit.
Feel the energy of love before you hear or go near it.
Augurs of chance read spirits instead of birds.
Test your statements for the truth of the words.
Righteousness is based on faith with grace.
Redemption with Christ places destiny over fate.
Great things have been done for us in the strength of this time.
The length of light grows as sublimely prime.
Let love be as genuine
as lessons drawn from the benign within.
Hate what is evil
as the retrieval
of the primeval penal.
Love one another with mutual affection.
Let the joy of your smile show for detection.
Outdo one another in showing honor.
The proper offer can win a sponsor.
Those who managed labor throughout the last year
made a memory to transcend the feeling of fear.
Celebrate the presence of the essential essence.
Gratitude for service beats sacrifice as penance.
Those who sowed seed with the toil of their tears
will reap joy with the music of love in the heavenly spheres.
The deluge washed the mass of seashells.
Polish was added to the shine of cells
and bells.
Those who went weeping to water their seeds
will return with shoulders of sheaves to fulfill basic needs.
This voice is like that of the cry in the darkness
unbroken in facing the strength of the starkness.
You bear fruit when you glorify our Father
in a way that shows your sense of honor.
You are loved by the Son
when your will is aligned with the divine one.
Abide in this love by the power of the Spirit.
The real presence of the divine essence will let you draw near it.
Restore our fortune. Transform the harm of the past.
Let us have our portion. Give us confidence to last.
Making continual reparation for misdeeds from the past
isn't a policy that will make fortune last.
Liberals made the public pay for legal reform,
then they tax more for damage caused by the storm
from the reform.
----------------------------
Psalm 126
In convertendo
When
1 When the Lord restored the fortunes of Zion, *
then were we like those who dream.
2 Then was our mouth filled with laughter, *
and our tongue with shouts of joy.
3 Then they said among the nations, *
"The Lord has done great things for them."
4 The Lord has done great things for us, *
and we are glad indeed.
5 Restore our fortunes, O Lord, *
like the watercourses of the Negev.
6 Those who sowed with tears *
will reap with songs of joy.
7 Those who go out weeping, carrying the seed, *
will come again with joy, shouldering their sheaves.
-------------------------
Romans 12:9-10
Let love be genuine. Hate what is evil. Hold fast to what is good. Love one another with mutual affection. Outdo one another in showing honor.
-------------------------
Let love be as genuine
as lessons drawn from the benign within.
Hate what is evil
as the retrieval
of the primevally penal.
Love one another with mutual affection.
Let the joy of your smile show for detection.
Outdo one another in showing honor.
The proper offer can win a sponsor.
==================
John 15: 8-9
My Father is glorified when you bear much fruit and become my disciples. As the Father has loved me, so I have loved you. Abide in my love.
-------------------------
You bear fruit when you glorify our Father
in a way that shows your sense of honor.
You are loved by the Son
when your will is aligned with the divine one.
Abide in this love by the power of the Spirit.
The real presence of the divine essence will let you draw near it.
==================
Blazing Torch
Maria Skobtsova
b. 12.20.1891 Riga, Latvia
d. 3.31.1945 Ravensbruck, Germany
She was known as Mother Maria or Mary of Paris. She was married twice. Skobtsova is her second married name.
Maria was a Russian noblewoman, poet, nun and member of the French Resistance during World War II. She has been canonized as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
She was born in Riga, Latvia in the Russian empire in the latter part of the 19th century.
Riga
Riga is the capital of Latvia. It is the largest city in the country. It is also the larger than the largest city in Estonia or Lithuania.
The city lies on the Gulf of Riga at the mouth of the Daugava River. The bay separates Latvia from Estonia. The inlet is connected to the Baltic Sea.
The Daugava River flows from the Valdai Hills in Russia through Belarus and Latvia. The total length of the river is 1.020 km (630 mi.) of which 325 km (202 mi.) are in Russia.
Riga had been a member of the Hanseatic League. The league was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe.
It grew from a few North German towns in the 1100’s. The league came to dominate Baltic maritime trade for 3 centuries along the coasts of Northern Europe.
Hansa territories stretched from the Baltic to the North Sea and inland during the Late Middle Ages (1250-1500). Diminishment came slowly after 1450.
Hanse was the Old High German word for convoy. The word was applied to bands of merchants who traveled between the Hanseatic cities whether by land or sea.
The cities had their own legal system. They had their own armies for mutual protection and aid. The organization was not a state despite this. It could not be called a confederation of city-states. A small number of cities with the league enjoyed autonomy and liberties comparable to those of a free imperial city.
The Livonian Order was formed from the Brothers of the Sword after their defeat in 1236 at the Battle of Schaulen. They had been incorporated into the Teutonic Knights and became known as the Livonian Order in 1237.
The Order had conquered Courland, Livonia and Semigallia between 1237 and 1290. They suffered a loss at the Battle of Turaida in 1296, but they managed to buy the Duchy of Estonia from King Valdemar IV of Denmark.
The Order managed to maintain an independent existence while the Teutonic Order fell into decline after the secularization of its Prussian territories by Albert of Brandenburg in 1525.
Riga became the object of foreign military, political, religious and economic aspirations as the influence of the Hanseatic League waned. The city accepted the Reformation in 1522. The power of the archbishops was ended.
Iconoclasts targeted a statue of the Virgin Mary in the Cathedral to make a statement against religious icons. The statue was accused of being a witch. It was given a trial by water in the Daugava River. The statue floated so it was denounced as a witch and burnt at Kubsberg.
A varying coalition from Denmark-Norway, the Kingdom of Sweden and the Union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland fought for control of Old Livonia (Estonia and Latvia) with the tsardom of Russia in the Livonian War (1558-1583).
Riga was given the status of a Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire for the 20 years with the demise of the Livonian Order during the war. The status ended with the Treaty of Drohiczyn in 1581.
Riga became part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The treaty ended the war for the city.
The Polish-Swedish war (1621-1625) transferred the city to the rule of Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, in 1621. He had intervened in the Thirty Years’ War to favor German Lutheran Protestantism. Riga withstood a siege by Russian forces during the Russo-Swedish War (1656-1658).
Riga was the largest city in Sweden until 1710. Tsar Peter the Great attacked the city in that year. Riga and other Livonian towns and gentry capitulated to Russia but largely retained their privileges. Russia emerged as the strongest northern power with the Treaty of Nystad in 1721.
The Baltic Germans in Riga had maintained a dominant position during the many centuries of war and changes of power in the Baltic. The population for the city was 42.9% German. German was the official language for administration until the installations of Russian in 1891 as the official language for the Baltic provinces by Tsar Alexander III.
More Latvians moved to the city during the mid-19th century. The rise of the Latvian bourgeoisie made it the center for the Latvian National Awakening. The Riga Latvian Association was formed in 1866. The first national song festival was organized in 1873.
Maria Skobtsova
She was given the name Elizaveta Pilenko at birth. She was born into an upper class family in Riga, Latvia on December 20, 1891.
She was descended on her mother's side from the last governor of the Bastille, the Parisian prison destroyed during the French Revolution. Both parents were Russian Orthodox Christians.
The family moved to Anapa after her birth. Her father was elected the mayor of the town.
Their daughter was shaped by the values of the Christian culture. She had emptied her piggy band to contribute to the painting of an icon for a new church in Anapa.
She asked her mother if she was old enough to be a nun when she was 7. She asked permission to become a pilgrim traveling from shrine to shrine a year later.
Elizaveta was raised in a time when socialism was conflated with nationalism during rapid industrialization. When her father died she became an atheist. She felt that his death was unjust.
She fell into the belief that if there was not justice, then God did not exist. She decided that parents knew of this non-existence, but they kept it from their children.
There was a workers’ revolution in 1905 led by the Latvian Social Democratic Workers’ Party. Her mother moved the family to St. Petersburg in 1906.
Elizaveta found herself in the country's political and cultural center. It was a hotbed for radical ideas and groups. She became part of radical literary circles that gathered around such symbolist poets as Alexander Blok. She first met the poet at age 15.
She found herself drawn to the left like many of her contemporaries, but she was disappointed with the radicals she encountered. All they did was talk. She was looking for heroic engagement. She wanted to do battle with the world to combat injustice even at the expense of her life.
She felt that her friends would talk about someone's death to explain approval or disapproval. They would show understanding throughout the night on a high level of abstraction until the sun were to rise and it was time for fried eggs. They would not understand that to die for the revolution was to feel "a rope around one's neck."
She married Dimitri Kuzmin-Karaviev in 1910. He was a Bolshevik and part of a community of poets, artists and writers. She later commented that it was a marriage born "more of pity than of love." She and her friends also talked theology in addition to politics and poetry.
Just as their political ideas had no connection at all to the lives of ordinary people, their theology floated far above the actual Church. The Church was an idea or a set of abstract values for many intellectuals. It was not a community in which one actually lives.
She thought that there was much they might have learned from an "old beggar woman hard at her Sunday prostrations in church."
She was actively involved in literary circles and wrote much poetry during this period of her life. Her first book, Scythian Shards, was a collection of poetry. Her marriage to Dimitri had ended by 1913. Her first child, Gaiana, was born in the same year.
Her earlier attraction to Christ revived and deepened even when she still regarded herself as an atheist. She was attracted to him as heroic man as opposed to God incarnate.
Russia entered into World War I on August 1, 1914, when Germany declared war on it. Elizaveta returned to Anapa with her daughter when the war had started. Her religious life grew more intense.
She secretly wore lead weights sewn into a hidden belt as a way of reminding herself both "that Christ exists" and also to be more aware that minute-by-minute many people were suffering and dying in the war.
She found that she was being drawn toward the religious faith she had abandoned after her father's death. She prayed and read the Gospel and the lives of saints and concluded that the real need of the people was not for revolutionary theories but for faith. She wanted "to proclaim the simple word of God," she told Blok in a letter written in 1916.
She applied for admission to Saint Petersburg's Theological Academy of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery to study theology. The academy was an entirely male school at the time. The students were being prepared for ordination. The rector decided that she could be admitted despite the change in practice.
She was present in Saint Petersburg when Russia's Provisional Government was overthrown by the Bolsheviks in October 1917. She listened as Lenin's lieutenant, Leon Trotsky, dismissed people from her party at the Soviet Congress. He said, "Your role is played out. Go where you belong, into history's garbage can!"
She came to see how hideously different actual revolution was from the dreams that had once filled the imagination of so many Russians.
She was elected deputy mayor of the town of Anapa in 1918. When the White Army took control of Anapa, the mayor fled and she became mayor of the town. The White Army put her on trial for being a Bolshevik. She spoke in her defense in court that she would represent those who had a need for justice, red or white.
The judge was a former teacher of hers, Daniel Skobtsov. She was acquitted. She sought him out to thank him after the trial. Eventually they married.
The Skobtsovs fled to Georgia as the course of the civil war was turning in favor of the Bolsheviks. She gave birth to a son, Yura, in 1920. They relocated to Yugoslavia a year later. She gave birth to Anastasia.
Their journey ended with their arrival in Paris in 1923 where to supplement their income she made dolls and painted silk scarves. She often worked ten or twelve hours a day.
A friend introduced her to the Russian Student Christian Movement, an Orthodox association founded in 1923. She attended lectures and other activities and felt herself coming back to life spiritually and intellectually.
Her daughter Anastasia died of influenza in 1926. Daniel and Elizaveta's marriage was falling apart. Yuri ended up living with Daniel. Elizaveta moved into central Paris to work more directly with those who were most in need.
She emerged from her mourning to dedicate herself to be a mother to all who "need maternal care, assistance, or protection." She became a social worker and a writer of theology. Two volumes, Harvest of the Spirit, were published in 1927. She retold the lives of many saints.
She was appointed traveling secretary of the Russian Student Christian Movement in 1930. The work put her into daily contact with impoverished Russian refugees throughout France and neighboring countries.
Her bishop encouraged her to take vows as a nun. She agreed only with the assurance that she would not have to live secluded from the world in a monastery. An ecclesiastical divorce was granted In 1932 with Daniel Skobtov's permission.
She took the name Maria with her monastic vows. Her confessor was Father Sergius Bulgakov. Mother Maria made a rented house in Paris her "convent." It was a place with an open door for refugees, the needy and the lonely.
It also soon became a center for intellectual and theological discussion. Fr. Dmitri Klepinin would be sent to be the chaplain of the house. Mother Maria combined the elements of service to the poor and theology together.
While Mother Maria could have fled Paris when the Germans were advancing, or even sought refuge in America, she would not budge. "If the Germans take Paris, I shall stay here with my old women. Where else could I send them?" She had no illusions about the Nazi threat. They represented a "new paganism" that brought in its wake disasters, upheavals, persecutions and wars.
The local authorities in Paris declared her house an official food distribution point, where volunteers sold at cost price whatever food Mother Maria could find.
Russian refugees were among the particular targets of the occupiers. A thousand were arrested in June 1941. Several close friends and collaborators of Mother Maria and Father Dimitri were taken. The leaders of the house launched an aid project for prisoners and their dependents.
Jews approached the house asking for baptismal certificates when the Nazis took Paris. Father Dimitri provided for them. A number of Jews came to stay with them. The house provided shelter and the 'parents' helped many to escape.
The house was closed down eventually. Mother Maria, Fr. Dimitri, Yuri and Sophia were all taken by the Gestapo.
Yura and Father Dimitri were deported to Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany on December 16, 1943. The two were sent to Dora in 1944. Fr. Dimitri and Yuri both died at the prison camp there.
Mother Maria was sent to the camp in Ravensbrück, Germany. Her work in the camp varied. There was a period when she was part of a team of women dragging a heavy iron roller about the camp's pathways for 12 hours a day. Her legs began to give way. She worked in a knitwear workshop later.
The concentration camp administrators further reduced food rations when the Red Army was approaching from the East. The population for each block was increased.
Mother Maria accepted a pink card. The card was issued to any prisoner who wished to be excused from labor because of age or ill health. Those who had received such cards were transferred to what was called the Jugendlager or "youth camp." She chose hers in January 1945.
The authorities said each person would have her own bed and abundant food. Mother Maria's transfer was on January 31. The food ration was further reduced. The hours spent standing for roll calls increased. Mother Maria survived five weeks before she was returned to the main camp on March 3.
It is reported that she was selected for the gas chambers Good Friday on March 30, 1945 and sent on Holy Saturday. An investigation by the International Red Cross refuted claims that prisoners were sent to the gas chamber in Nazi concentration camps. No evidence has been found to support the claim that people were executed as claimed.
The memory of Mother Maria is to be reverenced nonetheless. Survivors of the war who had known her would draw attention to the ideas, insights and activities of the unusual nun who had spent so many years coming to the aid of people in desperate straights. Her service to others during a period of adversity is worthy of admiration.
World War I was fought almost as an end to the existence of empire. There was more to be said against the competitiveness between existing empires as they struggled for dominance, but a number of empires were ended after the war.
Great Britain and Japan were small enough to escape the global association between empire and imperial expansion. Imperial expansion was identified with military force and covert movements for insurrection. Commercial enterprise was subordinate to the imperial power.
The republican revolution was extended to Russia and China as each government for the large nation was were pressed into a republic that was identified as communist. Communism was regarded as the Marxist form of socialism that was both large and extreme. It was extreme in the position against religion and the advocacy for a global socialist revolution.
World War II was a battle between different forms of socialism. Hitler and the Nazis reincarnated the next claim to empire in the form of a socialist republic that was run by the united interest between industrial and political leadership.
The axis powers were in league with industrial socialism in republican government as the means to promote alliance for civilization. Even tribal societies were expected to pick a side for who would represent their development into a civilized power.
Socialism for labor was associated with democracy by the theory of large numbers, but representation was limited to workers as though they were 'the people.' Labor was virtually absolute in the refusal to seek higher education for the promotion of production.
Management and the middle class were seen as the cause of the problem of income inequality. The value of higher education was reduced to something that existed largely on paper. Real societal existence had to be established by the force of uneducated demand.
Mother Maria came from an upper class family. She fell into atheism and socialist logic in reason after her father died when she was a teen. She began her return to faith with the emulation of Jesus as a heroic Christ who was willing to die for the cause of social justice.
This heroic Christ was worthy of reverence for his sense of sacrifice, but he wasn't revered as the Son of God. This said, he wasn't as reconstructed as the Jesus of liberation theology. This Jesus was willing to strap on automatic machine guns in order to liberate the people from the oppression of the industrial management of society.
Maria eventually dedicated herself to the service of the poor. It was Christ-like but she still had difficulties with socialist ties. The French associated the poor with unemployed labor. Her social service for them was aligned with republican socialism. It wasn't as extreme as communism, but it was still socialist.
She transcended partisan partiality in judgment in her dedication to serve the outcast in society. She did this during the rise of communism in Russia, in the Russian civil war after the Bolshevik Revolution, in France before and during World War II and later in the concentration camp in Germany.
This impartial judgment in the service of others was her great achievement as a Christian despite the virtually inescapable association with one form of socialism or another during her time.
Maria Skobtsova
S. 玛丽亚斯科特索娃
T. 瑪麗亞斯科特索娃
玛 Ma agate 瑪 me agate Ma ま マ Ma 마 hemp
丽 li pretty 麗 rei lovely ri り リ li 리 lee
亚 ya Asian 亞 a rank a あ ア a 아 ah
斯 Si this 斯 shi this Su す ス Seu 스 the
科 ke rules 科 ka course ko こ コ ko 코 nose
特 te special 特 toku special tso つぉ ツォ cheu 츠 tsu
索 suo to demand 索 saku cord wa わ ワ so 소 small
娃 wa doll 娃 wa beautiful ba 바 bar
-------------------------
The beauty of the course was swirled in stone.
She was dedicated to serve people like God alone.
==================
wiki Maria Skobstova
orthodox wiki Maria S
Lectionary Maria S
oca lives Maria S
wiki Riga
Showing posts with label damage. Show all posts
Showing posts with label damage. Show all posts
Friday, July 19, 2019
Wednesday, May 29, 2019
Transcend
5.30.19
Ascension Day
Transcend
Inhibition
超越抑制
Chāoyuè yìzhì
トランセンド抑制
Toransendo yokusei
ps47
transcende inhibitionis
Transcend your limits with the management
of creation for enfranchisement.
What is the measure
for your household treasure?
What do you need to do
to produce a value for more than you?
Recognize what's right about your achievement
in the production of service with the power at your finger tip.
Applaud the ascension you people.
Shout to God with joy that is regal.
The providence of mind imitates design
for the conservation of goodness for the date line.
Divine design subdues prejudice to increase productivity
to leave appreciation for objectivity.
Inheritance is a model for conservation
in the management of property for station
in relations.
The Son has gone up in a cloud.
He has risen with authority endowed.
See the future of your leadership in him.
You will develop the ability to play to win.
Sing praise with your voice
to make beautiful music a choice.
The light of love shines for all the earth.
Sing praise for all that you are worth.
The law of nations governs the world.
The standard for divine authority has been unfurled.
Nobility has grown in behalf of people
with the Father of nations reincarnate sequel.
Rulers heed the power of the Spirit.
Real presence is exalted near it.
Scripture shows the path to hoe
based on precedent that has been known
to grow service from that which we have sown.
Reform of punishment in the legal code
is documentation of what our ancestors bestowed.
Classical consciousness was the unstated objective for circumstance.
Justice with Iesu Christus was the straight on check for the determined stand.
Christ ascended to rule with authority
in the individual expression of uniformity.
Apostolic power bears witness to God in the temple with peace
with work and prayer in the effort to improve ease
despite the storms that cause damage to material increase.
----------------------------
47 Omnes gentes, plaudite
All people, clap
1 Clap your hands, all you peoples;
shout to God with a cry of joy.
2 For the Lord Most High is to be feared;
he is the great King over all the earth.
3 He subdues the peoples under us,
and the nations under our feet.
4 He chooses our inheritance for us,
the pride of Jacob whom he loves.
5 God has gone up with a shout,
the Lord with the sound of the ram's-horn.
6 Sing praises to God, sing praises;
sing praises to our King, sing praises.
7 For God is King of all the earth;
sing praises with all your skill.
8 God reigns over the nations;
God sits upon his holy throne.
9 The nobles of the peoples have gathered together
with the people of the God of Abraham.
10 The rulers of the earth belong to God,
and he is highly exalted.
---------------------------
Acts 1:1,6-9
I wrote about all that Jesus did and taught in the first book, Theophilus. The book was from the beginning until the day when he was taken up to heaven after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles whom he had chosen.
When the apostles had come together, they asked him, 'Lord, is this the time when you will restore the kingdom of Israel?' He replied, 'It is not for you to know the times or periods that the Father has set by his own authority. You will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you. You will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, all Judea, Samaria and to the ends of the earth.' When he had said this as they were watching, he was lifted up and a cloud took him out of their sight.
---------------------------
Scripture shows the path to hoe
based on precedent that has been known
to grow service from that which we have sown.
Reform of punishment in the legal code
is documentation of what our ancestors bestowed.
====================
Ephesians 1:20-21
God put this power to work in Christ when he raised him from the dead and seated him at his right hand in the heavenly places far above all rule, authority, power, dominion and above every name that is named not only in this age but also in the ages to come.
---------------------------
Christ ascended to the rule with authority
in the individual expression of uniformity.
====================
Luke 24:51-53
While he was blessing them, he withdrew from them and was carried up into heaven. They worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy and they were continually in the temple blessing God.
---------------------------
Apostolic power bears witness to God in the temple with peace
with work and prayer in the effort to increase ease.
====================
Fully Human Nature
Ascension of Jesus
The ascension provides another element of the royalty in the authority of Jesus. The resurrection had demonstrated that his instruction had to be lived to perpetuate the Church.
It was to take on the incarnation of faith in the people as testimony to the real presence of Christ in Jesus. This makes the Eucharist a sacramental element in the expression of the Christian faith. It is a perpetuation of the transformation of Roman society from polytheism to monotheism.
The ascension is not just a titular exaltation. He is not just seated on the throne of glory to support an empty expression of elitest theism. He has risen above the partiality of prejudice for the benefit of the public. He is the executive authority for the Church as a model for civilized life.
The gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles is presented as a single work from the same author. It provides the only narrative account of the ascension. Luke chapter 24 tells how Jesus led the eleven disciples to Bethany, a village on the Mount of Olives, where he instructed them to remain in Jerusalem until the coming of the Holy Spirit: "It came to pass while he blessed them, he parted from them and was carried up into heaven. They worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy."
Acts 1 describes a meal at which Jesus commanded the apostles to await the coming of the Holy Spirit. A cloud took him upward from sight. Two men in white appeared to tell the disciples that he will return "in the same way you have seen him go into heaven."
Luke and Acts appear to describe the same event, but present different chronologies. Luke placed it on the same day as the resurrection. The Acts had it forty days afterwards. Various proposals have been put forward to resolve the contradiction, but the question remains open.
The Gospel of John has three references to ascension in Jesus' own words: "No one has ascended into heaven but he who descended from heaven, the son of man" (John 3:13); "What if you (the disciples) were to see the son of man ascending where he was before?" (John 6:62); and to Mary Magdalene after his resurrection, "Do not hold me, for I have not yet ascended to my father..." (John 20:17).
Jesus is claimed to be the apocalyptic "one like a son of man" of Daniel 7 in the first and second statements. The last has a curious element. Why should Mary be told not to hold the risen but not yet ascended Christ, while Thomas was later invited to touch his wound?
Various epistles (Romans 8:34, Ephesians 1:19-20, Colossians 3:1, Philippians 2:9-11, 1 Timothy 3:16, and 1 Peter 3:21-22) also refer to the ascension like Luke-Acts and John. It is equated with the post-resurrection "exaltation" of Jesus to the right hand of God.
There is a consensus among scholars that the brief ascension account in the Gospel of Mark (Mark 16:19) is a later addition to the original version of that gospel.
Ascension stories were fairly common around the time of Jesus. These were known to the gospel-authors. The stories signified the deification of a noteworthy person. The Romans adapted stories about ascension for their emperor.
The ascension of the son of man in Judaism was an indication of divine approval. Another function of heavenly ascent was as a mode of divine revelation reflected in Greco-Roman, early Jewish and early Christian literary sources. Particular individuals with prophetic or revelatory gifts were thought to have experienced a heavenly journey during which they learned cosmic and divine secrets.
Figures familiar to Jews would have included Enoch from the Book of Genesis and a popular non-Biblical work called 1 Enoch; the 5th-century sage Ezra; Baruch the companion of the prophet Jeremiah (from a work called 2 Baruch, in which Baruch is promised he will ascend to heaven after 40 days); Levi the ancestor of priests; the Teacher of Righteousness from the Qumran community; the prophet Elijah (from 2 Kings); Moses, who was deified on entering heaven; and the children of Job, who according to the Testament of Job ascended heaven following their resurrection from the dead.
Non-Jewish readers would have been familiar with the case of the emperor Augustus whose ascent was witnessed by Senators; Romulus the founder of Rome, who, like Jesus, was taken to heaven in a cloud; the Greek hero Heracles (Hercules); and others.
The common thread linking all the New Testament ascension references reflected in the major Christian creeds and confessional statements is the exaltation of Jesus. It is by his ascension that Christ, the Son, took his seat at the right hand of God, the Father, in Heaven: "He ascended into heaven, and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty." (Apostles' Creed)
It implies that the fully human nature of the Son was taken into Heaven. It marked the beginning of Christ's heavenly rule. its hold on the Christian imagination is evidenced by its importance in Christian art through the centuries.
The Feast of the Ascension is one of the ecumenical feasts of the Christian liturgical year. It is celebrated along with the Passion, Easter, Pentecost and Christmas. Ascension Day is traditionally celebrated on the sixth Thursday after Easter Sunday, the fortieth day from Easter. Some Roman Catholic provinces have moved the observance to the following Sunday to facilitate the obligation to attend Mass.
Jerome held that it was of Apostolic origin, but the ascension was originally part of the liturgical celebration of Pentecost as the coming of the Holy Spirit. It developed as a separate celebration only slowly from the late 4th century onward.
It begins with a three-day "rogation" to ask for God's mercy in Catholic tradition. The feast itself includes a procession of torches and banners, the extinguishing of the Paschal candle and an all-night vigil. White is the liturgical color. The procession represents Christ's journey to the Mount of Olives and entry into heaven.
The orthodox tradition has a different calendar. Easter is called Pascha. Pascha is celebrated in consonance with the Jewish Passover. It is determined by the lunar cycle. It can be celebrated up to a month later than in the Western tradition. The ascension is also celebrated 40 days after Pascha in accord with the biblical account.
The Anglican communion continues to observe the feast, but most Protestant churches have abandoned the traditional Christian calendar of feasts.
wiki on Ascension of Jesus
Modes for Perception
G.K. Chesterton
b. 5.29.1874 Kensington, London, UK
d. 6.14.1936 Beaconsfield, UK
Gilbert Keith Chesterton was an English journalist, writer, poet, lay theologian and literary critic. He has been called the "prince of paradox". Time magazine has observed of his writing style: "Whenever possible Chesterton made his points with popular sayings, proverbs, allegories—first carefully turning them inside out."
He is well known for his fictional priest-detective Father Brown and for his reasoned apologetics. Even some of those who disagree with him have recognized the wide appeal of such works as Orthodoxy and The Everlasting Man.
He routinely referred to himself as an "orthodox" Christian. He came to identify this position more and more with Catholicism. He eventually converted from High Church Anglicanism.
Kensington, London
Campden Hill is located in Kensington, West London. The hill contains the former deer-park of Holland House. The remains of the important mansion stands on the south-west corner of the hill. The south-west side of the hill is to the east of Holland House. It is characterized by large Victorian houses which are part of the Phillimore estate.
Kensington is an affluent area in general. This is a trait that it shares with Chelsea, its neighbor to the south. The area has some of London's most expensive streets and garden squares. The Holland Park neighborhood became particularly high-status at about the turn of the 21st century.
G.K. Chesterton
Gilbert was born in Campden Hill in Kensington, London, the son of Marie Louise, née Grosjean, and Edward Chesterton. He was baptised at the age of one month into the Church of England. His family was irregular in the practice of the Unitarian religion.
Chesterton was educated at St Paul's School. He then attended the Slade School of Art to become an illustrator. The Slade is a department of University College London where Chesterton also took classes in literature. He did not complete a degree in either subject.
He married Frances Blogg in 1901. The marriage lasted the rest of his life. He credited Frances with leading him back to Anglicanism. He later considered the form to be a "pale imitation" of Christianity. He entered full communion with the Catholic Church in 1922.
He began working for the London publisher Redway in September 1895. He remained there for just over a year. He moved to the publishing house T. Fisher Unwin in October 1896 where he remained until 1902.
He undertook his first journalistic work as a freelance art and literary critic during this period. The Daily News gave him a weekly opinion column in 1902. This was followed in 1905 by a weekly column in The Illustrated London News. He continued to write there for the next 30 years.
He showed a talent for art early in his career. He had planned to become an artist. His writing shows a vision that clothed abstract ideas in concrete and memorable images.
Even his fiction contained carefully concealed parables. Father Brown is perpetually correcting the incorrect vision of the bewildered folks at the scene of the crime and wandering off at the end with the criminal to exercise his priestly role of recognition and repentance.
Father Brown entreated the character Flambeau to give up his life of crime in the story "The Flying Stars" for example. His was told that he still had youth and honor, but these would not last in the trade. Men may stay on a level of good, but no one was able to stay on one level of evil. That kind of road led down. "Many a man I've known started like you to be an honest outlaw, a merry robber of the rich, and ended stamped into slime."
Chesterton loved to debate. He often engaging in friendly public disputes with such men as George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, Bertrand Russell and Clarence Darrow.
He was a large man. He stood 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) and weighed around 286 lbs (130 kg). His girth gave rise to a famous anecdote.
He remarked to his friend George Bernard Shaw, "To look at you, anyone would think a famine had struck England." Shaw retorted, "To look at you, anyone would think you had caused it."
A lady in London asked why he was not "out at the Front" during the First World War. He replied, "If you go round to the side, you will see that I am."
Chesterton wrote around 80 books, several hundred poems, some 200 short stories, 4000 essays and several plays.
The priest-detective Father Brown appeared only in short stories. He was depicted as "shabby and shapeless." His face was "round and expressionless, his manners clumsy." He dropped typical Chestertonian quips as he solved ghastly transgressions not with Holmes-sharp logic but "by 'getting inside' the criminal mind."
He based his conclusions on his knowledge of human nature rather than using deductive methods to discover the perpetrator of a crime. This knowledge was drawn in part from his experience in the confessional box, but also from his recognition of his own capacity for evil.
The mystery story became less a portrait of the detective's personality and more a puzzle that the detective and the reader could both solve under the influence of Chesterton's Father Brown.
The Man Who Was Thursday is arguably his best-known novel.
His political thought divided the various parties into dominant trends. The whole modern world has divided itself into Conservatives and Progressives. The business of Progressives was to go on making mistakes. The business of Conservatives was to prevent mistakes from being corrected.
He was a convinced Christian long before he was received into the Catholic Church. Christian themes and symbolism appear in much of his writing.
The Church of England presented a dilemma to Roman Catholics. Catholics defined the pope as the vicar for Christ and the head of the Church. English law has declared the sovereign for the state to be the head of the Church in England. Papal claims to power over secular authority had raised opposition to the same.
The Renaissance was a resurgence of interest in classical culture. This included art, literature and philosophy. The culture had an emphasis on construction with the attendant artistic forms. Statues and paintings adorned buildings that had structural geometric expressions in style. Writing came closer to mass distribution due to the invention of the printing press.
Classical literature was surprisingly progressive in the sense that Homer had written the Iliad and the Odyssey to protest war. Virgil wrote in a way that asserted that war was a fate established by the gods. While Plato and Aristotle had conceded to slavery as an institution, other philosophers did not.
This adaptive aspect of classical culture gave European society a justification for seeking change in the established political and social conventions.
Inventions were entertained for practical application. The value of the inventions extended into the common household when industrial production was to become one of the evolved conventions.
Science was looking to define the elements as a productive feature in design when they weren't used to justify violent aggression or cruelty in punishment. The Reformation touted itself as more scientific than the superstition promoted by the rites and rituals associated with traditional Roman religion.
Classical culture also entertained slavery and cruelty in punishment as means to accomplish goals in construction, art and government. This aspect of the competition between Catholicism and Protestantism was entertained by both sides of the argument. Royal families made statements to distance themselves from slavery and the mistreatment of natives in foreign lands.
It can't be said that the Roman Church maintained neutrality when it came to the Royal Act of Supremacy. While the Romans had allowed for monarchy in the secular leadership of kingdoms, the election of the pope was a development of a republican political form.
Monarchy was a developmental step beyond the primitive state of tribal life. The republicans considered their form of government to be more civilized, but certain actions were massively destructive according to descriptions of the events.
The Church of England had to battle insurgents from the Roman Catholic Church and the Calvinist Reformation. The battle was such that the Calvinists were allowed success if only to maintain the right to a national church. Prejudice against Roman Catholicism became a norm for a long time.
The Royalism of Hobbes and the Oxford Movement paved the way for the Anglo-Catholicism of writers like G.K. Chesterton (1874-1936), T.S. Eliot (1888-1965) and C.S. Lewis (1898-1963).
The recognition that baptism and the eucharist were rites instituted by Jesus defined the rites as sacraments.
This allowed the Anglican Church to reincorporate liturgical forms that had been rejected as papist inventions to promote superstition. Research into Ecumenical documents affirmed that there was a long standing connection between the Church of England and the doctrine espoused by the ecumenical councils.
The notion that Christianity was a cultural entity that looked at Roman Catholic and Protestant developments of a single religious view suggested that impartial judgment regarding faith was the mark of a good Christian.
Chesterton's apologetic works were key in the conversion of C.S. Lewis. His playful style was adopted by that writer. Poet T.S. Eliot remarked that he "did more than any man in his time … to maintain the existence of the [Christian] minority in the modern world."
Chesterton's first published books were of poetry. Poetry is usually distinct from journalism. There is a close connection between his poetry and his everyday journalism. T. S. Eliot described Chesterton's poetry as 'first-rate journalistic balladry.'
The Rolling English Road
The description turns out to have been particularly perceptive since it is a reminder about his essential characteristic as a writer. His first aim was to comment on the political and social questions of the day in his verse as in all his written work.
C.S. Lewis and T.S. Eliot managed to avoid the disparagement of other religious views.
Chesterton faced accusations of anti-Semitism during his lifetime that continued posthumously. He had been an early supporter of Captain Dreyfus in France, but he turned into an anti-dreyfusard by 1906. His fictional work included caricatures of Jews, stereotyping them as greedy, cowardly, disloyal, communists from the early 20th century.
Chesterton considered the royal decree of 1290 by which Edward I expelled Jews from England in a work of 1917 titled A Short History of England. The policy remained in place until 1655. He wrote that the popular perception of Jewish moneylenders could well have led Edward I's subjects to regard him as a "tender father of his people" for "breaking the rule by which the rulers had hitherto fostered their bankers' wealth."
He felt that Jews were "a sensitive and highly civilized people" who "were the capitalists of the age, the men with wealth banked ready for use."
These might legitimately complain that Christian kings, nobles, popes and bishops had used for 'Christian' purposes such as the Crusades and the cathedrals "the money that could only be accumulated in such mountains by a usury they inconsistently denounced as unchristian; and then, when worse times came, gave up the Jew to the fury of the poor."
It looks like at least some of his Semitic statements were made in order to criticize that Christianity which was Christian in name only.
Chesterton made it clear that he believed that there was a "Jewish Problem" in Europe in The New Jerusalem. He believed that Jewish culture, not ethnicity, separated itself from the nationalities of Europe.
He blasted German race theories. He wrote: "the essence of Nazi Nationalism is to preserve the purity of a race in a continent where all races are impure." Then he turned his perspective and defined Hitlerism as "almost entirely of Jewish origin" in the Judaism of Hitler.
The BBC invited Chesterton to give a series of radio talks in 1931. He accepted. He delivered over 40 talks per year from 1932 until his death. He was encouraged to improvise on the scripts. This allowed his talks to maintain an intimate character as did the decision to allow his wife and secretary to sit with him during his broadcasts.
The talks were very popular. A BBC official remarked, after Chesterton's death, that "in another year or so, he would have become the dominating voice from Broadcasting House."
Chesterton died of congestive heart failure on the morning of 14 June 1936 at his home in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. His last known words were a greeting spoken to his wife.
Gilbert Chesterton
吉尔伯特切斯特顿
吉爾伯特切斯特頓
吉 Ji lucky 吉 kichi joy Gi ぎ ギ Gil 길 way
尔 er you 爾 ji you ru る ル beo 버 bur
伯 bo elder 伯 haku chief ba ば- バ- teu 트 the
特 te unique 特 toku special to と ト Che 체 sieve
切 Qie tangent 切 setsu cut Che ちぇ チェ seu 스 switch
斯 si this 斯 shi this su す ス teo 터 foundation
特 te special 特 toku special ta た teon 턴 turn
顿 dun arrange 頓 ton suddenly ton とん タトン
---------------------------
Classical consciousness was the unstated objective for circumstance.
Justice with Jesu Christus was the straight on check for the determined stand.
====================
GKC Poetry Foundation
GKC org
Lectionary GKC
JKC Christianity Today
Ascension Day
Transcend
Inhibition
超越抑制
Chāoyuè yìzhì
トランセンド抑制
Toransendo yokusei
ps47
transcende inhibitionis
Transcend your limits with the management
of creation for enfranchisement.
What is the measure
for your household treasure?
What do you need to do
to produce a value for more than you?
Recognize what's right about your achievement
in the production of service with the power at your finger tip.
Applaud the ascension you people.
Shout to God with joy that is regal.
The providence of mind imitates design
for the conservation of goodness for the date line.
Divine design subdues prejudice to increase productivity
to leave appreciation for objectivity.
Inheritance is a model for conservation
in the management of property for station
in relations.
The Son has gone up in a cloud.
He has risen with authority endowed.
See the future of your leadership in him.
You will develop the ability to play to win.
Sing praise with your voice
to make beautiful music a choice.
The light of love shines for all the earth.
Sing praise for all that you are worth.
The law of nations governs the world.
The standard for divine authority has been unfurled.
Nobility has grown in behalf of people
with the Father of nations reincarnate sequel.
Rulers heed the power of the Spirit.
Real presence is exalted near it.
Scripture shows the path to hoe
based on precedent that has been known
to grow service from that which we have sown.
Reform of punishment in the legal code
is documentation of what our ancestors bestowed.
Classical consciousness was the unstated objective for circumstance.
Justice with Iesu Christus was the straight on check for the determined stand.
Christ ascended to rule with authority
in the individual expression of uniformity.
Apostolic power bears witness to God in the temple with peace
with work and prayer in the effort to improve ease
despite the storms that cause damage to material increase.
----------------------------
47 Omnes gentes, plaudite
All people, clap
1 Clap your hands, all you peoples;
shout to God with a cry of joy.
2 For the Lord Most High is to be feared;
he is the great King over all the earth.
3 He subdues the peoples under us,
and the nations under our feet.
4 He chooses our inheritance for us,
the pride of Jacob whom he loves.
5 God has gone up with a shout,
the Lord with the sound of the ram's-horn.
6 Sing praises to God, sing praises;
sing praises to our King, sing praises.
7 For God is King of all the earth;
sing praises with all your skill.
8 God reigns over the nations;
God sits upon his holy throne.
9 The nobles of the peoples have gathered together
with the people of the God of Abraham.
10 The rulers of the earth belong to God,
and he is highly exalted.
---------------------------
Acts 1:1,6-9
I wrote about all that Jesus did and taught in the first book, Theophilus. The book was from the beginning until the day when he was taken up to heaven after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles whom he had chosen.
When the apostles had come together, they asked him, 'Lord, is this the time when you will restore the kingdom of Israel?' He replied, 'It is not for you to know the times or periods that the Father has set by his own authority. You will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you. You will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, all Judea, Samaria and to the ends of the earth.' When he had said this as they were watching, he was lifted up and a cloud took him out of their sight.
---------------------------
Scripture shows the path to hoe
based on precedent that has been known
to grow service from that which we have sown.
Reform of punishment in the legal code
is documentation of what our ancestors bestowed.
====================
Ephesians 1:20-21
God put this power to work in Christ when he raised him from the dead and seated him at his right hand in the heavenly places far above all rule, authority, power, dominion and above every name that is named not only in this age but also in the ages to come.
---------------------------
Christ ascended to the rule with authority
in the individual expression of uniformity.
====================
Luke 24:51-53
While he was blessing them, he withdrew from them and was carried up into heaven. They worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy and they were continually in the temple blessing God.
---------------------------
Apostolic power bears witness to God in the temple with peace
with work and prayer in the effort to increase ease.
====================
Fully Human Nature
Ascension of Jesus
The ascension provides another element of the royalty in the authority of Jesus. The resurrection had demonstrated that his instruction had to be lived to perpetuate the Church.
It was to take on the incarnation of faith in the people as testimony to the real presence of Christ in Jesus. This makes the Eucharist a sacramental element in the expression of the Christian faith. It is a perpetuation of the transformation of Roman society from polytheism to monotheism.
The ascension is not just a titular exaltation. He is not just seated on the throne of glory to support an empty expression of elitest theism. He has risen above the partiality of prejudice for the benefit of the public. He is the executive authority for the Church as a model for civilized life.
The gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles is presented as a single work from the same author. It provides the only narrative account of the ascension. Luke chapter 24 tells how Jesus led the eleven disciples to Bethany, a village on the Mount of Olives, where he instructed them to remain in Jerusalem until the coming of the Holy Spirit: "It came to pass while he blessed them, he parted from them and was carried up into heaven. They worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy."
Acts 1 describes a meal at which Jesus commanded the apostles to await the coming of the Holy Spirit. A cloud took him upward from sight. Two men in white appeared to tell the disciples that he will return "in the same way you have seen him go into heaven."
Luke and Acts appear to describe the same event, but present different chronologies. Luke placed it on the same day as the resurrection. The Acts had it forty days afterwards. Various proposals have been put forward to resolve the contradiction, but the question remains open.
The Gospel of John has three references to ascension in Jesus' own words: "No one has ascended into heaven but he who descended from heaven, the son of man" (John 3:13); "What if you (the disciples) were to see the son of man ascending where he was before?" (John 6:62); and to Mary Magdalene after his resurrection, "Do not hold me, for I have not yet ascended to my father..." (John 20:17).
Jesus is claimed to be the apocalyptic "one like a son of man" of Daniel 7 in the first and second statements. The last has a curious element. Why should Mary be told not to hold the risen but not yet ascended Christ, while Thomas was later invited to touch his wound?
Various epistles (Romans 8:34, Ephesians 1:19-20, Colossians 3:1, Philippians 2:9-11, 1 Timothy 3:16, and 1 Peter 3:21-22) also refer to the ascension like Luke-Acts and John. It is equated with the post-resurrection "exaltation" of Jesus to the right hand of God.
There is a consensus among scholars that the brief ascension account in the Gospel of Mark (Mark 16:19) is a later addition to the original version of that gospel.
Ascension stories were fairly common around the time of Jesus. These were known to the gospel-authors. The stories signified the deification of a noteworthy person. The Romans adapted stories about ascension for their emperor.
The ascension of the son of man in Judaism was an indication of divine approval. Another function of heavenly ascent was as a mode of divine revelation reflected in Greco-Roman, early Jewish and early Christian literary sources. Particular individuals with prophetic or revelatory gifts were thought to have experienced a heavenly journey during which they learned cosmic and divine secrets.
Figures familiar to Jews would have included Enoch from the Book of Genesis and a popular non-Biblical work called 1 Enoch; the 5th-century sage Ezra; Baruch the companion of the prophet Jeremiah (from a work called 2 Baruch, in which Baruch is promised he will ascend to heaven after 40 days); Levi the ancestor of priests; the Teacher of Righteousness from the Qumran community; the prophet Elijah (from 2 Kings); Moses, who was deified on entering heaven; and the children of Job, who according to the Testament of Job ascended heaven following their resurrection from the dead.
Non-Jewish readers would have been familiar with the case of the emperor Augustus whose ascent was witnessed by Senators; Romulus the founder of Rome, who, like Jesus, was taken to heaven in a cloud; the Greek hero Heracles (Hercules); and others.
The common thread linking all the New Testament ascension references reflected in the major Christian creeds and confessional statements is the exaltation of Jesus. It is by his ascension that Christ, the Son, took his seat at the right hand of God, the Father, in Heaven: "He ascended into heaven, and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty." (Apostles' Creed)
It implies that the fully human nature of the Son was taken into Heaven. It marked the beginning of Christ's heavenly rule. its hold on the Christian imagination is evidenced by its importance in Christian art through the centuries.
The Feast of the Ascension is one of the ecumenical feasts of the Christian liturgical year. It is celebrated along with the Passion, Easter, Pentecost and Christmas. Ascension Day is traditionally celebrated on the sixth Thursday after Easter Sunday, the fortieth day from Easter. Some Roman Catholic provinces have moved the observance to the following Sunday to facilitate the obligation to attend Mass.
Jerome held that it was of Apostolic origin, but the ascension was originally part of the liturgical celebration of Pentecost as the coming of the Holy Spirit. It developed as a separate celebration only slowly from the late 4th century onward.
It begins with a three-day "rogation" to ask for God's mercy in Catholic tradition. The feast itself includes a procession of torches and banners, the extinguishing of the Paschal candle and an all-night vigil. White is the liturgical color. The procession represents Christ's journey to the Mount of Olives and entry into heaven.
The orthodox tradition has a different calendar. Easter is called Pascha. Pascha is celebrated in consonance with the Jewish Passover. It is determined by the lunar cycle. It can be celebrated up to a month later than in the Western tradition. The ascension is also celebrated 40 days after Pascha in accord with the biblical account.
The Anglican communion continues to observe the feast, but most Protestant churches have abandoned the traditional Christian calendar of feasts.
wiki on Ascension of Jesus
Modes for Perception
G.K. Chesterton
b. 5.29.1874 Kensington, London, UK
d. 6.14.1936 Beaconsfield, UK
Gilbert Keith Chesterton was an English journalist, writer, poet, lay theologian and literary critic. He has been called the "prince of paradox". Time magazine has observed of his writing style: "Whenever possible Chesterton made his points with popular sayings, proverbs, allegories—first carefully turning them inside out."
He is well known for his fictional priest-detective Father Brown and for his reasoned apologetics. Even some of those who disagree with him have recognized the wide appeal of such works as Orthodoxy and The Everlasting Man.
He routinely referred to himself as an "orthodox" Christian. He came to identify this position more and more with Catholicism. He eventually converted from High Church Anglicanism.
Kensington, London
Campden Hill is located in Kensington, West London. The hill contains the former deer-park of Holland House. The remains of the important mansion stands on the south-west corner of the hill. The south-west side of the hill is to the east of Holland House. It is characterized by large Victorian houses which are part of the Phillimore estate.
Kensington is an affluent area in general. This is a trait that it shares with Chelsea, its neighbor to the south. The area has some of London's most expensive streets and garden squares. The Holland Park neighborhood became particularly high-status at about the turn of the 21st century.
G.K. Chesterton
Gilbert was born in Campden Hill in Kensington, London, the son of Marie Louise, née Grosjean, and Edward Chesterton. He was baptised at the age of one month into the Church of England. His family was irregular in the practice of the Unitarian religion.
Chesterton was educated at St Paul's School. He then attended the Slade School of Art to become an illustrator. The Slade is a department of University College London where Chesterton also took classes in literature. He did not complete a degree in either subject.
He married Frances Blogg in 1901. The marriage lasted the rest of his life. He credited Frances with leading him back to Anglicanism. He later considered the form to be a "pale imitation" of Christianity. He entered full communion with the Catholic Church in 1922.
He began working for the London publisher Redway in September 1895. He remained there for just over a year. He moved to the publishing house T. Fisher Unwin in October 1896 where he remained until 1902.
He undertook his first journalistic work as a freelance art and literary critic during this period. The Daily News gave him a weekly opinion column in 1902. This was followed in 1905 by a weekly column in The Illustrated London News. He continued to write there for the next 30 years.
He showed a talent for art early in his career. He had planned to become an artist. His writing shows a vision that clothed abstract ideas in concrete and memorable images.
Even his fiction contained carefully concealed parables. Father Brown is perpetually correcting the incorrect vision of the bewildered folks at the scene of the crime and wandering off at the end with the criminal to exercise his priestly role of recognition and repentance.
Father Brown entreated the character Flambeau to give up his life of crime in the story "The Flying Stars" for example. His was told that he still had youth and honor, but these would not last in the trade. Men may stay on a level of good, but no one was able to stay on one level of evil. That kind of road led down. "Many a man I've known started like you to be an honest outlaw, a merry robber of the rich, and ended stamped into slime."
Chesterton loved to debate. He often engaging in friendly public disputes with such men as George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, Bertrand Russell and Clarence Darrow.
He was a large man. He stood 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) and weighed around 286 lbs (130 kg). His girth gave rise to a famous anecdote.
He remarked to his friend George Bernard Shaw, "To look at you, anyone would think a famine had struck England." Shaw retorted, "To look at you, anyone would think you had caused it."
A lady in London asked why he was not "out at the Front" during the First World War. He replied, "If you go round to the side, you will see that I am."
Chesterton wrote around 80 books, several hundred poems, some 200 short stories, 4000 essays and several plays.
The priest-detective Father Brown appeared only in short stories. He was depicted as "shabby and shapeless." His face was "round and expressionless, his manners clumsy." He dropped typical Chestertonian quips as he solved ghastly transgressions not with Holmes-sharp logic but "by 'getting inside' the criminal mind."
He based his conclusions on his knowledge of human nature rather than using deductive methods to discover the perpetrator of a crime. This knowledge was drawn in part from his experience in the confessional box, but also from his recognition of his own capacity for evil.
The mystery story became less a portrait of the detective's personality and more a puzzle that the detective and the reader could both solve under the influence of Chesterton's Father Brown.
The Man Who Was Thursday is arguably his best-known novel.
His political thought divided the various parties into dominant trends. The whole modern world has divided itself into Conservatives and Progressives. The business of Progressives was to go on making mistakes. The business of Conservatives was to prevent mistakes from being corrected.
He was a convinced Christian long before he was received into the Catholic Church. Christian themes and symbolism appear in much of his writing.
The Church of England presented a dilemma to Roman Catholics. Catholics defined the pope as the vicar for Christ and the head of the Church. English law has declared the sovereign for the state to be the head of the Church in England. Papal claims to power over secular authority had raised opposition to the same.
The Renaissance was a resurgence of interest in classical culture. This included art, literature and philosophy. The culture had an emphasis on construction with the attendant artistic forms. Statues and paintings adorned buildings that had structural geometric expressions in style. Writing came closer to mass distribution due to the invention of the printing press.
Classical literature was surprisingly progressive in the sense that Homer had written the Iliad and the Odyssey to protest war. Virgil wrote in a way that asserted that war was a fate established by the gods. While Plato and Aristotle had conceded to slavery as an institution, other philosophers did not.
This adaptive aspect of classical culture gave European society a justification for seeking change in the established political and social conventions.
Inventions were entertained for practical application. The value of the inventions extended into the common household when industrial production was to become one of the evolved conventions.
Science was looking to define the elements as a productive feature in design when they weren't used to justify violent aggression or cruelty in punishment. The Reformation touted itself as more scientific than the superstition promoted by the rites and rituals associated with traditional Roman religion.
Classical culture also entertained slavery and cruelty in punishment as means to accomplish goals in construction, art and government. This aspect of the competition between Catholicism and Protestantism was entertained by both sides of the argument. Royal families made statements to distance themselves from slavery and the mistreatment of natives in foreign lands.
It can't be said that the Roman Church maintained neutrality when it came to the Royal Act of Supremacy. While the Romans had allowed for monarchy in the secular leadership of kingdoms, the election of the pope was a development of a republican political form.
Monarchy was a developmental step beyond the primitive state of tribal life. The republicans considered their form of government to be more civilized, but certain actions were massively destructive according to descriptions of the events.
The Church of England had to battle insurgents from the Roman Catholic Church and the Calvinist Reformation. The battle was such that the Calvinists were allowed success if only to maintain the right to a national church. Prejudice against Roman Catholicism became a norm for a long time.
The Royalism of Hobbes and the Oxford Movement paved the way for the Anglo-Catholicism of writers like G.K. Chesterton (1874-1936), T.S. Eliot (1888-1965) and C.S. Lewis (1898-1963).
The recognition that baptism and the eucharist were rites instituted by Jesus defined the rites as sacraments.
This allowed the Anglican Church to reincorporate liturgical forms that had been rejected as papist inventions to promote superstition. Research into Ecumenical documents affirmed that there was a long standing connection between the Church of England and the doctrine espoused by the ecumenical councils.
The notion that Christianity was a cultural entity that looked at Roman Catholic and Protestant developments of a single religious view suggested that impartial judgment regarding faith was the mark of a good Christian.
Chesterton's apologetic works were key in the conversion of C.S. Lewis. His playful style was adopted by that writer. Poet T.S. Eliot remarked that he "did more than any man in his time … to maintain the existence of the [Christian] minority in the modern world."
Chesterton's first published books were of poetry. Poetry is usually distinct from journalism. There is a close connection between his poetry and his everyday journalism. T. S. Eliot described Chesterton's poetry as 'first-rate journalistic balladry.'
The Rolling English Road
The description turns out to have been particularly perceptive since it is a reminder about his essential characteristic as a writer. His first aim was to comment on the political and social questions of the day in his verse as in all his written work.
C.S. Lewis and T.S. Eliot managed to avoid the disparagement of other religious views.
Chesterton faced accusations of anti-Semitism during his lifetime that continued posthumously. He had been an early supporter of Captain Dreyfus in France, but he turned into an anti-dreyfusard by 1906. His fictional work included caricatures of Jews, stereotyping them as greedy, cowardly, disloyal, communists from the early 20th century.
Chesterton considered the royal decree of 1290 by which Edward I expelled Jews from England in a work of 1917 titled A Short History of England. The policy remained in place until 1655. He wrote that the popular perception of Jewish moneylenders could well have led Edward I's subjects to regard him as a "tender father of his people" for "breaking the rule by which the rulers had hitherto fostered their bankers' wealth."
He felt that Jews were "a sensitive and highly civilized people" who "were the capitalists of the age, the men with wealth banked ready for use."
These might legitimately complain that Christian kings, nobles, popes and bishops had used for 'Christian' purposes such as the Crusades and the cathedrals "the money that could only be accumulated in such mountains by a usury they inconsistently denounced as unchristian; and then, when worse times came, gave up the Jew to the fury of the poor."
It looks like at least some of his Semitic statements were made in order to criticize that Christianity which was Christian in name only.
Chesterton made it clear that he believed that there was a "Jewish Problem" in Europe in The New Jerusalem. He believed that Jewish culture, not ethnicity, separated itself from the nationalities of Europe.
He blasted German race theories. He wrote: "the essence of Nazi Nationalism is to preserve the purity of a race in a continent where all races are impure." Then he turned his perspective and defined Hitlerism as "almost entirely of Jewish origin" in the Judaism of Hitler.
The BBC invited Chesterton to give a series of radio talks in 1931. He accepted. He delivered over 40 talks per year from 1932 until his death. He was encouraged to improvise on the scripts. This allowed his talks to maintain an intimate character as did the decision to allow his wife and secretary to sit with him during his broadcasts.
The talks were very popular. A BBC official remarked, after Chesterton's death, that "in another year or so, he would have become the dominating voice from Broadcasting House."
Chesterton died of congestive heart failure on the morning of 14 June 1936 at his home in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. His last known words were a greeting spoken to his wife.
Gilbert Chesterton
吉尔伯特切斯特顿
吉爾伯特切斯特頓
吉 Ji lucky 吉 kichi joy Gi ぎ ギ Gil 길 way
尔 er you 爾 ji you ru る ル beo 버 bur
伯 bo elder 伯 haku chief ba ば- バ- teu 트 the
特 te unique 特 toku special to と ト Che 체 sieve
切 Qie tangent 切 setsu cut Che ちぇ チェ seu 스 switch
斯 si this 斯 shi this su す ス teo 터 foundation
特 te special 特 toku special ta た teon 턴 turn
顿 dun arrange 頓 ton suddenly ton とん タトン
---------------------------
Classical consciousness was the unstated objective for circumstance.
Justice with Jesu Christus was the straight on check for the determined stand.
====================
GKC Poetry Foundation
GKC org
Lectionary GKC
JKC Christianity Today
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Tuesday, May 21, 2019
Respect
5.20.19
U.S. Border
Respect
Borders
尊重边界
Zūnzhòng biānjiè
尊敬の境界線
Sonkei no kyōkai-sen
Respectu termini
ps112
Respect for borders honors rights.
Lack of respect loses sight.
Happy are those who revere the Lord
with reverence for the commandments accord.
Their descendents will be mighty in the land.
The generation of the upright will be at hand.
Health and wealth will be in their house with order.
Relations will show respect for borders.
Sight is divined in the dark for those with faith.
The reflection of light is low but visible for those who wait.
The righteous don't race to punish.
Evidence is sorted to correct or admonish.
Time is generous in lending for goodness.
Affairs are managed for practical fulfillment.
Wisdom in mercy is kept in remembrance.
Benign judgment is the entrance to temperance.
The humble heart is opened to prayer
to ask pardon for sin as the way to avoid error.
Judgment is like a net that is thrown into the sea.
Good fish are saved. The bad are thrown back to flee.
The Lord will share counsel to show knowledge
in the removal of ignorance as some form of blockage.
Wisdom will be shown from what has been learned
for the glory of the law in the covenant discerned.
Rumors deceive those who are needful.
Disagreement with false statement turns away the deceitful.
Faith that will not shrink is established with heart
until correction is attained as a new start.
The poor will find the way to produce value.
The productive will maintain belief in the 'can do' attitude.
Those who harm to inflict damage
will be alarmed to see how they mismanaged vantage.
--------------------------
112 Beatus vir
Blessed are they
1 Hallelujah!
Happy are they who fear the Lord
and have great delight in his commandments!
2 Their descendants will be mighty in the land;
the generation of the upright will be blessed.
3 Wealth and riches will be in their house,
and their righteousness will last for ever.
4 Light shines in the darkness for the upright;
the righteous are merciful and full of compassion.
5 It is good for them to be generous in lending
and to manage their affairs with justice.
6 For they will never be shaken;
the righteous will be kept in everlasting remembrance.
7 They will not be afraid of any evil rumors;
their heart is right;
they put their trust in the Lord.
8 Their heart is established and will not shrink,
until they see their desire upon their enemies.
9 They have given freely to the poor,
and their righteousness stands fast for ever;
they will hold up their head with honor.
10 The wicked will see it and be angry;
they will gnash their teeth and pine away;
the desires of the wicked will perish.
--------------------------
Sirach 39:5,7-8
He opens his heart to prayer
and asks pardon for his sin.
The Lord will direct his counsel and knowledge
as he meditates on his mysteries.
He will show the wisdom of what has been learned
for the glory in the law of the Lord's covenant.
---------------------------
The humble heart is opened to prayer
to ask pardon for sin as the way to avoid error.
The Lord will share counsel to show knowledge
in the removal of ignorance as some form of blockage.
Wisdom will be shown from what has been learned
for the glory of the law in the covenant discerned.
====================
Matt. 13:47
The kingdom of heaven is like a net that was thrown into the sea and caught fish of every kind. When it was full, they drew it ashore and sat down. They put the good into baskets but threw out the bad.
------------------------------
Judgment is like a net that is thrown into the sea.
Good fish are saved. The bad are thrown back to flee.
======================
Una Voce
Non Uno Ore
Alcuin of York
c. 735, York, Northumbria
d. 19 May 804, Tours, Carolingian Empire
Alcuin of York was an English scholar, clergyman, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He became a leading scholar and teacher at the Carolingian court at the invitation of Charlemagne. He was made Abbot of Tours in 796 where he remained until his death. He is counted among the most important architects of the Carolingian Renaissance.
Charlemagne
When Pepin the Short became king in 752 it ended the Merovingian dynasty and started the Carolingian. He was succeeded by his son Charlemagne in 768.
Charlemagne expanded the borders of the kingdom to defend the Pope. He conquered the Lombards in northern Italy. He took an area in northern Spain that became known as the Spanish March to protect his southern borders from the Muslims in Spain.
He conquered the Saxons to stop their raids from the Saxons. He took some territory from the South Slavs and the Avars to protect his eastern border as well. This became known as the Eastern March or Ostmark. Ostmak would eventually become Austria.
Charlemagne became the first person since the fall of Rome to control the majority of continental Europe due to his military success.
York
York is located in the northern part of the kingdom of England.
The city was founded in 71 CE when the Ninth Legion conquered the Brigantes and constructed a wooden military fortress on flat ground above the River Ouse close to its confluence with the River Foss.
The fortress walls were rebuilt in stone by the VI legion. It was inhabited by 6,000 legionary soldiers and covered an area of 50 acres (20 ha). The site of the principia (HQ) of the fortress lies under the foundations of York Minster. Excavations in the undercroft have revealed part of the Roman structure and columns.
The Emperors Hadrian, Septimius Severus and Constantius I all held court there during their various campaigns. The Emperor Severus proclaimed York capital of the province of Britannia Inferior during his stay 207–211. It is likely that it was he who granted York the privileges of a 'colonia' or city.
Constantius I died in 306 during his stay in York. His son Constantine the Great was proclaimed Emperor by the troops based in the fortress in 306. A bishop from York attended the Council at Arles in 314 to represent Christians from the province.
While the Roman colonia and fortress were located on high ground, the town was victim to occasional flooding from the Rivers Ouse and Foss by 400. The population was reduced. York declined in the post-Roman era. It was taken and settled by the Angles in the 5th century.
Reclamation of parts of the town was initiated in the 7th century under King Edwin of Northumbria. York became his chief city. The first wooden minster church was built for the baptism of Edwin in 627 according to the Venerable Bede. Edwin ordered that the small wooden church be rebuilt in stone. He was killed in 633 and the task of completing the stone minster fell to his successor Oswald.
Alcuin
Alcuin was an Englishman from York. He was born into a noble family about 730. He was educated by a pupil of Bede.
He was made a teacher of the cathedral school at York. He was made the director of St. Peter's School around 770 after he was ordained as a deacon. He was asked by the Emperor Charlemagne to become his minister of education in 781.
Charlemagne realized that he needed educated people to administer his kingdom given the size. He decided that he would start an education program headed by the finest scholar he could find.
The church in York had been founded by Irish missionaries. It was a major center for education. Alcuin had been educated by Archbishop Egbert, the student of the Venerable Bede. He had played an important role in reviving the late Roman classical arts in the school.
He was welcomed at the Palace School of Charlemagne in Aachen (Urbs Regale) in 782. It had been founded by the king's ancestors as a place for the education of the royal children. They were educated mostly in manners and the ways of the court but Charlemagne wanted to include classical education and the study of the religion.
Alcuin taught Charlemagne, his sons Pepin and Louis, the young men sent to be educated at court and the young clerics attached to the palace chapel from 782 to 790. He brought his assistants Pyttel, Sigewulf and Joseph with him from York.
Alcuin revolutionised the educational standards of the Palace School. He introduced Charlemagne to the liberal arts. He created a personalised atmosphere of scholarship to the extent that the institution came to be known as the 'school of Master Albinus'.
Many ancient writings had been lost in the preceding years of constant wars and invasions. Alcuin established the scriptorium as a place to the copy and preserve ancient manuscripts, both pagan and Christian. That we have as much as we do of the writings of classical Roman authors is largely due to Alcuin and his scribes.
He is credited with the invention of cursive script. The letters were connected for greater speed of writing. Much of the credit for the revision and organisation of the Latin liturgy, the preservation of many of the ancient prayers and the development of plainchant belongs to Alcuin backed by Charlemagne.
He disagreed with the emperor over his policy of forcing pagans to be baptised on pain of death. He argued, "Faith is a free act of the will, not a forced act. We must appeal to the conscience, not compel it by violence. You can force people to be baptised, but you cannot force them to believe." His arguments seem to have prevailed. Charlemagne abolished the death penalty for paganism in 797.
Third Council of Aachen
5 November 809 -810
He and his fellow theologians at Charlemagne's capital of Aachen (or Aix-le-Chappelle) were important advocates of the doctrine that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father and the Son jointly.
The Filioque clause was the object of this Council. It was a subtle addition to the Holy Trinity dogma. Filioque means Son. It was added to the end of the Niceo-Constantinopolitan creed ("The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son").
Italian and Frankish priests discovered the clause during the 8th century and started using it. Pope Leo III was against the idea. It was regarded as heretical in the East. He tasked Charlemagne with the organization of a Council to regulate it.
The Council was held in Aachen, Frankish capital, at the end of 809. Frankish bishops based their discussions on the works of Theodulf of Orleans and Alcuin of York. They declared the Filioque legitimate.
The Roman Empire adopted it despite opposition from both the Byzantine Emperor and the Pope. The addition would not be endorsed by Rome until 1014 even after it had been adopted by the western empire.
The Filioque clause would come to create friction with the Investiture controversy. Bishops and kings compete for authority over territory and authority.
It wouldn't take long before the Carolingian dynasty would suffer from both overreach at the borders for the empire and in the competition to expand the claims between kings in the empire. The clause lacked distinctiveness for different roles.
The addition of the clause was political. It challenged the Pope's authority as well as the Byzantine Empire's orthodoxy. Charlemagne had chosen his title to challenge the sovereignty from Constantinople.
He was crowned Imperator Romanorum, Emperor of the Romans. When the barbarian Odoacer had become the king of Italy in 476 he deposed the last Western Roman Emperor.
The Western Empire was not eradicated. It was merged it with the Eastern Empire by way of the title, Emperor of the Romans. This was the title that Charlemagne claimed. It denied the authority claimed by Empress Irene of Constantinople.
Provocations put Charlemagne in a position of strength while negotiating the Pax Nicephori with Nikephoros I (803-811), but the advantage was for his advantage, not that of the empire. The Byzantine emperor had enough problems with Arabs and internal issues. He could not afford an open confrontation against the Franks. It can also be seen as an answer to Nikephoros' pro-iconoclast religious politics.
The East regarded the Emperor at Byzantium as the sole Emperor for the Romans. They resented Charlemagne's assumption of the title. This hardened their opposition to the aforesaid doctrine and contributed to the rift between East and West.
A collection of mathematical and logical word problems entitled Propositiones ad acuendos juvenes ("Problems to Sharpen Youths") is attributed to Alcuin. The scholar claimed to have sent "certain figures of arithmetic for the joy of cleverness" to Charlemagne in a letter dated in 799.
Some scholars have identified this reference with the Propositiones. The text contains about 53 mathematical word problems with solutions in no particular pedagogical order.
Alcuin made the abbey school into a model of excellence. Many students flocked to it. He had many manuscripts copied using outstandingly beautiful calligraphy, the Carolingian minuscule based on round and legible uncial letters.
He wrote letters to his English friends, to Arno, bishop of Salzburg and above all to Charlemagne. There are 311 letters that are extant. These communications are filled mainly with pious meditations, but they form an important source of information as to the literary and social conditions of the time. They are the most reliable authority for the history during the Carolingian age.
Alcuin trained numerous monks of the abbey in piety. It was in the midst of these pursuits that he died in May 804.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcuin
http://www.breakpoint.org/2011/10/alcuin-york-c-735-804/
http://satucket.com/lectionary/Alcuin.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York
U.S. Border
Respect
Borders
尊重边界
Zūnzhòng biānjiè
尊敬の境界線
Sonkei no kyōkai-sen
Respectu termini
ps112
Respect for borders honors rights.
Lack of respect loses sight.
Happy are those who revere the Lord
with reverence for the commandments accord.
Their descendents will be mighty in the land.
The generation of the upright will be at hand.
Health and wealth will be in their house with order.
Relations will show respect for borders.
Sight is divined in the dark for those with faith.
The reflection of light is low but visible for those who wait.
The righteous don't race to punish.
Evidence is sorted to correct or admonish.
Time is generous in lending for goodness.
Affairs are managed for practical fulfillment.
Wisdom in mercy is kept in remembrance.
Benign judgment is the entrance to temperance.
The humble heart is opened to prayer
to ask pardon for sin as the way to avoid error.
Judgment is like a net that is thrown into the sea.
Good fish are saved. The bad are thrown back to flee.
The Lord will share counsel to show knowledge
in the removal of ignorance as some form of blockage.
Wisdom will be shown from what has been learned
for the glory of the law in the covenant discerned.
Rumors deceive those who are needful.
Disagreement with false statement turns away the deceitful.
Faith that will not shrink is established with heart
until correction is attained as a new start.
The poor will find the way to produce value.
The productive will maintain belief in the 'can do' attitude.
Those who harm to inflict damage
will be alarmed to see how they mismanaged vantage.
--------------------------
112 Beatus vir
Blessed are they
1 Hallelujah!
Happy are they who fear the Lord
and have great delight in his commandments!
2 Their descendants will be mighty in the land;
the generation of the upright will be blessed.
3 Wealth and riches will be in their house,
and their righteousness will last for ever.
4 Light shines in the darkness for the upright;
the righteous are merciful and full of compassion.
5 It is good for them to be generous in lending
and to manage their affairs with justice.
6 For they will never be shaken;
the righteous will be kept in everlasting remembrance.
7 They will not be afraid of any evil rumors;
their heart is right;
they put their trust in the Lord.
8 Their heart is established and will not shrink,
until they see their desire upon their enemies.
9 They have given freely to the poor,
and their righteousness stands fast for ever;
they will hold up their head with honor.
10 The wicked will see it and be angry;
they will gnash their teeth and pine away;
the desires of the wicked will perish.
--------------------------
Sirach 39:5,7-8
He opens his heart to prayer
and asks pardon for his sin.
The Lord will direct his counsel and knowledge
as he meditates on his mysteries.
He will show the wisdom of what has been learned
for the glory in the law of the Lord's covenant.
---------------------------
The humble heart is opened to prayer
to ask pardon for sin as the way to avoid error.
The Lord will share counsel to show knowledge
in the removal of ignorance as some form of blockage.
Wisdom will be shown from what has been learned
for the glory of the law in the covenant discerned.
====================
Matt. 13:47
The kingdom of heaven is like a net that was thrown into the sea and caught fish of every kind. When it was full, they drew it ashore and sat down. They put the good into baskets but threw out the bad.
------------------------------
Judgment is like a net that is thrown into the sea.
Good fish are saved. The bad are thrown back to flee.
======================
Una Voce
Non Uno Ore
Alcuin of York
c. 735, York, Northumbria
d. 19 May 804, Tours, Carolingian Empire
Alcuin of York was an English scholar, clergyman, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He became a leading scholar and teacher at the Carolingian court at the invitation of Charlemagne. He was made Abbot of Tours in 796 where he remained until his death. He is counted among the most important architects of the Carolingian Renaissance.
Charlemagne
When Pepin the Short became king in 752 it ended the Merovingian dynasty and started the Carolingian. He was succeeded by his son Charlemagne in 768.
Charlemagne expanded the borders of the kingdom to defend the Pope. He conquered the Lombards in northern Italy. He took an area in northern Spain that became known as the Spanish March to protect his southern borders from the Muslims in Spain.
He conquered the Saxons to stop their raids from the Saxons. He took some territory from the South Slavs and the Avars to protect his eastern border as well. This became known as the Eastern March or Ostmark. Ostmak would eventually become Austria.
Charlemagne became the first person since the fall of Rome to control the majority of continental Europe due to his military success.
York
York is located in the northern part of the kingdom of England.
The city was founded in 71 CE when the Ninth Legion conquered the Brigantes and constructed a wooden military fortress on flat ground above the River Ouse close to its confluence with the River Foss.
The fortress walls were rebuilt in stone by the VI legion. It was inhabited by 6,000 legionary soldiers and covered an area of 50 acres (20 ha). The site of the principia (HQ) of the fortress lies under the foundations of York Minster. Excavations in the undercroft have revealed part of the Roman structure and columns.
The Emperors Hadrian, Septimius Severus and Constantius I all held court there during their various campaigns. The Emperor Severus proclaimed York capital of the province of Britannia Inferior during his stay 207–211. It is likely that it was he who granted York the privileges of a 'colonia' or city.
Constantius I died in 306 during his stay in York. His son Constantine the Great was proclaimed Emperor by the troops based in the fortress in 306. A bishop from York attended the Council at Arles in 314 to represent Christians from the province.
While the Roman colonia and fortress were located on high ground, the town was victim to occasional flooding from the Rivers Ouse and Foss by 400. The population was reduced. York declined in the post-Roman era. It was taken and settled by the Angles in the 5th century.
Reclamation of parts of the town was initiated in the 7th century under King Edwin of Northumbria. York became his chief city. The first wooden minster church was built for the baptism of Edwin in 627 according to the Venerable Bede. Edwin ordered that the small wooden church be rebuilt in stone. He was killed in 633 and the task of completing the stone minster fell to his successor Oswald.
Alcuin
Alcuin was an Englishman from York. He was born into a noble family about 730. He was educated by a pupil of Bede.
He was made a teacher of the cathedral school at York. He was made the director of St. Peter's School around 770 after he was ordained as a deacon. He was asked by the Emperor Charlemagne to become his minister of education in 781.
Charlemagne realized that he needed educated people to administer his kingdom given the size. He decided that he would start an education program headed by the finest scholar he could find.
The church in York had been founded by Irish missionaries. It was a major center for education. Alcuin had been educated by Archbishop Egbert, the student of the Venerable Bede. He had played an important role in reviving the late Roman classical arts in the school.
He was welcomed at the Palace School of Charlemagne in Aachen (Urbs Regale) in 782. It had been founded by the king's ancestors as a place for the education of the royal children. They were educated mostly in manners and the ways of the court but Charlemagne wanted to include classical education and the study of the religion.
Alcuin taught Charlemagne, his sons Pepin and Louis, the young men sent to be educated at court and the young clerics attached to the palace chapel from 782 to 790. He brought his assistants Pyttel, Sigewulf and Joseph with him from York.
Alcuin revolutionised the educational standards of the Palace School. He introduced Charlemagne to the liberal arts. He created a personalised atmosphere of scholarship to the extent that the institution came to be known as the 'school of Master Albinus'.
Many ancient writings had been lost in the preceding years of constant wars and invasions. Alcuin established the scriptorium as a place to the copy and preserve ancient manuscripts, both pagan and Christian. That we have as much as we do of the writings of classical Roman authors is largely due to Alcuin and his scribes.
He is credited with the invention of cursive script. The letters were connected for greater speed of writing. Much of the credit for the revision and organisation of the Latin liturgy, the preservation of many of the ancient prayers and the development of plainchant belongs to Alcuin backed by Charlemagne.
He disagreed with the emperor over his policy of forcing pagans to be baptised on pain of death. He argued, "Faith is a free act of the will, not a forced act. We must appeal to the conscience, not compel it by violence. You can force people to be baptised, but you cannot force them to believe." His arguments seem to have prevailed. Charlemagne abolished the death penalty for paganism in 797.
Third Council of Aachen
5 November 809 -810
He and his fellow theologians at Charlemagne's capital of Aachen (or Aix-le-Chappelle) were important advocates of the doctrine that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father and the Son jointly.
The Filioque clause was the object of this Council. It was a subtle addition to the Holy Trinity dogma. Filioque means Son. It was added to the end of the Niceo-Constantinopolitan creed ("The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son").
Italian and Frankish priests discovered the clause during the 8th century and started using it. Pope Leo III was against the idea. It was regarded as heretical in the East. He tasked Charlemagne with the organization of a Council to regulate it.
The Council was held in Aachen, Frankish capital, at the end of 809. Frankish bishops based their discussions on the works of Theodulf of Orleans and Alcuin of York. They declared the Filioque legitimate.
The Roman Empire adopted it despite opposition from both the Byzantine Emperor and the Pope. The addition would not be endorsed by Rome until 1014 even after it had been adopted by the western empire.
The Filioque clause would come to create friction with the Investiture controversy. Bishops and kings compete for authority over territory and authority.
It wouldn't take long before the Carolingian dynasty would suffer from both overreach at the borders for the empire and in the competition to expand the claims between kings in the empire. The clause lacked distinctiveness for different roles.
The addition of the clause was political. It challenged the Pope's authority as well as the Byzantine Empire's orthodoxy. Charlemagne had chosen his title to challenge the sovereignty from Constantinople.
He was crowned Imperator Romanorum, Emperor of the Romans. When the barbarian Odoacer had become the king of Italy in 476 he deposed the last Western Roman Emperor.
The Western Empire was not eradicated. It was merged it with the Eastern Empire by way of the title, Emperor of the Romans. This was the title that Charlemagne claimed. It denied the authority claimed by Empress Irene of Constantinople.
Provocations put Charlemagne in a position of strength while negotiating the Pax Nicephori with Nikephoros I (803-811), but the advantage was for his advantage, not that of the empire. The Byzantine emperor had enough problems with Arabs and internal issues. He could not afford an open confrontation against the Franks. It can also be seen as an answer to Nikephoros' pro-iconoclast religious politics.
The East regarded the Emperor at Byzantium as the sole Emperor for the Romans. They resented Charlemagne's assumption of the title. This hardened their opposition to the aforesaid doctrine and contributed to the rift between East and West.
A collection of mathematical and logical word problems entitled Propositiones ad acuendos juvenes ("Problems to Sharpen Youths") is attributed to Alcuin. The scholar claimed to have sent "certain figures of arithmetic for the joy of cleverness" to Charlemagne in a letter dated in 799.
Some scholars have identified this reference with the Propositiones. The text contains about 53 mathematical word problems with solutions in no particular pedagogical order.
Alcuin made the abbey school into a model of excellence. Many students flocked to it. He had many manuscripts copied using outstandingly beautiful calligraphy, the Carolingian minuscule based on round and legible uncial letters.
He wrote letters to his English friends, to Arno, bishop of Salzburg and above all to Charlemagne. There are 311 letters that are extant. These communications are filled mainly with pious meditations, but they form an important source of information as to the literary and social conditions of the time. They are the most reliable authority for the history during the Carolingian age.
Alcuin trained numerous monks of the abbey in piety. It was in the midst of these pursuits that he died in May 804.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcuin
http://www.breakpoint.org/2011/10/alcuin-york-c-735-804/
http://satucket.com/lectionary/Alcuin.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York
Saturday, April 8, 2017
Have
Seohyun, Yoona & Yuri
Girls Generation
Yoona and Hyoheon Release Singles
Have
Mercy
どうかご慈悲をDō ka go jihi o
ps118
Dare to have mercy
with certainty.
Mercy endures in memory
for maturity.
Remember this you nations.
This will last for generations.
That which is legal about law is regal
from the eagle to the beetle, you people.
Mercy endures in memory at length.
Gentle generation is the foundation for love with strength.
Love secures endurance.
Endurance with education and allurance
yields wisdom and knowledge for insurance
with perspective on perception that yields judgment for assurance
Let the vote denote the number
of those who support policy for office that does not encumber
all the people as the greatest number.
Let the vote connote opposition to policies that harm the public.
Let freedom ring for people in kingdom or republic.
Allow defense when police protection is not at hand;
free trade so plutocracy does not rule the land;
construction for protection against damage from the elements and man;
communications with people in foreign nations;
travel to experience different sensations
in various locations.
Beauty is in the strength of the song.
Success rings long with the bong
of the gong.
Smoke drifts slowly from the echo of dreams.
Things are not as certain as they seem.
Open the gates of perspective on perception for consciousness.
I will see light with the sight that is given to perceive more of the less perceptible
with tests.
I will draw the inference
that reason helps me to believe.
I will live to declare the art of assurance
that science has drawn for me.
My ride
is the tide.
I surf
the turf
like a porpoise with purpose;
dancing with waves that surface
through swirls, curls and spirals in turbulance.
Dare to have mercy.
Mercy endures in memory for surety.
Mercy endures in memory at length.
Gentle generation is the foundation for love with strength.
117 Laudate Dominum
1 Praise the Lord, all you nations; *
laud him, all you peoples.
2 For his loving-kindness toward us is great, *
and the faithfulness of the Lord endures for ever.
Hallelujah!
118 Confitemini Domino
1 Give thanks to the Lord, for he is good; *
his mercy endures for ever.
2 Let Israel now proclaim, *
"His mercy endures for ever."
3 Let the house of Aaron now proclaim, *
"His mercy endures for ever."
4 Let those who fear the Lord now proclaim, *
"His mercy endures for ever."
5 I called to the Lord in my distress; *
the Lord answered by setting me free.
6 The Lord is at my side, therefore I will not fear; *
what can anyone do to me?
7 The Lord is at my side to help me; *
I will triumph over those who hate me.
8 It is better to rely on the Lord *
than to put any trust in flesh.
9 It is better to rely on the Lord *
than to put any trust in rulers.
10 All the ungodly encompass me; *
in the name of the Lord I will repel them.
11 They hem me in, they hem me in on every side; *
in the name of the Lord I will repel them.
12 They swarm about me like bees;
they blaze like a fire of thorns; *
in the name of the Lord I will repel them.
13 I was pressed so hard that I almost fell, *
but the Lord came to my help.
14 The Lord is my strength and my song, *
and he has become my salvation.
15 There is a sound of exultation and victory *
in the tents of the righteous:
16 "The right hand of the Lord has triumphed! *
the right hand of the Lord is exalted!
the right hand of the Lord has triumphed!"
17 I shall not die, but live, *
and declare the works of the Lord.
18 The Lord has punished me sorely, *
but he did not hand me over to death.
19 Open for me the gates of righteousness; *
I will enter them;
I will offer thanks to the Lord.
20 "This is the gate of the Lord; *
he who is righteous may enter."
21 I will give thanks to you, for you answered me *
and have become my salvation.
22 The same stone which the builders rejected *
has become the chief cornerstone.
23 This is the Lord's doing, *
and it is marvelous in our eyes.
24 On this day the Lord has acted; *
we will rejoice and be glad in it.
25 Hosannah, Lord, hosannah! *
Lord, send us now success.
26 Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord; *
we bless you from the house of the Lord.
27 God is the Lord; he has shined upon us; *
form a procession with branches up to the horns of the altar.
28 "You are my God, and I will thank you; *
you are my God, and I will exalt you."
29 Give thanks to the Lord, for he is good; *
his mercy endures for ever.
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