Take
Refuge
避难
Binan
避難所を取る
Hinansho o toru
ps 31
Take refuge.
Safety is your due.
I have taken refuge in you.
You help me to find that which is true.
Don't make me regret my trust.
I feel like this will last beyond the dust.
Bring me civility.
Civility cultivates fertility.
Please listen.
My sweat glistens.
The clock is ticking.
My pulse is quickening.
Time is escaping.
Reality is quaking.
Be my defense.
Let me see what is sure about sense.
You are my rock.
You walked the walk.
My foundation is sure.
My intention is pure.
Lead me in love.
Love me until I've won.
Limit weapon use to defense.
Offense is not what's meant.
Let defense be limited to defensive intent.
Non-violence isn't offensive
but it doesn't rule out aggression.
Aggression isn't an excuse for violence,
cruelty in punishment or violet silence.
Deliver me from the trap they have set.
I won't enter into something I have to regret.
They have been exploiting trust.
They promised protection that would not rust.
You are my strength.
The measure extends beyond length.
I commend my spirit to your care.
Your love has led me to dare
to share.
You have redeemed me with truth.
Meaning gives trust that soothes.
My time is yours.
Design divined cures.
Help me to find independence.
Freedom in the law is sent from heaven.
Deliver me from deception and oppression.
The state created is not worthy of leaven.
The immaterial view of matter as a word
sees the particulars of general abstraction inferred.
Watch yourself for the sake of your prayers.
The end is near for this state of affairs.
A tree may sprout again when it is cut down.
A mortal body does not rise after it dies with or without renown.
Joseph asked Pilate for the body of Jesus.
Pilate gave it over to entomb to protect the public from diseases.
Mary saw the light when she went to the tomb.
The body was gone. There was nothing but room.
Jesus rose from the dead as he had said.
He left the tomb that had a slab for his death bed.
Your joy in my face will be seen.
Your kindness will redeem me.
Your redemption will be believed.
I have taken refuge in you.
You kept me from feeling blue.
Safety is your due.
Take refuge.
--------------------------
Psalm 31
In te, Domine, speravi
1 In you, O Lord, have I taken refuge;
let me never be put to shame;
deliver me in your righteousness.
2 Incline your ear to me;
make haste to deliver me.
3 Be my strong rock, a castle to keep me safe,
for you are my crag and my stronghold;
for the sake of your Name, lead me and guide me.
4 Take me out of the net that they have secretly set for me,
for you are my tower of strength.
5 Into your hands I commend my spirit,
for you have redeemed me,
O Lord, O God of truth.
6 I hate those who cling to worthless idols,
and I put my trust in the Lord.
7 I will rejoice and be glad because of your mercy;
for you have seen my affliction;
you know my distress.
8 You have not shut me up in the power of the enemy;
you have set my feet in an open place.
9 Have mercy on me, O Lord, for I am in trouble;
my eye is consumed with sorrow,
and also my throat and my belly.
10 For my life is wasted with grief,
and my years with sighing;
my strength fails me because of affliction,
and my bones are consumed.
11 I have become a reproach to all my enemies and
even to my neighbors,
a dismay to those of my acquaintance;
when they see me in the street they avoid me.
12 I am forgotten like a dead man, out of mind;
I am as useless as a broken pot.
13 For I have heard the whispering of the crowd;
fear is all around;
they put their heads together against me;
they plot to take my life.
14 But as for me, I have trusted in you, O Lord.
I have said, "You are my God.
15 My times are in your hand;
rescue me from the hand of my enemies,
and from those who persecute me.
16 Make your face to shine upon your servant,
and in your loving-kindness save me."
17 Lord, let me not be ashamed for having called upon you;
rather, let the wicked be put to shame;
let them be silent in the grave.
18 Let the lying lips be silenced which speak against
the righteous,
haughtily, disdainfully, and with contempt.
19 How great is your goodness, O Lord!
which you have laid up for those who fear you;
which you have done in the sight of all
for those who put their trust in you.
20 You hide them in the covert of your presence from those
who slander them;
you keep them in your shelter from the strife of tongues.
21 Blessed be the Lord!
for he has shown me the wonders of his love in a
besieged city.
22 Yet I said in my alarm,
"I have been cut off from the sight of your eyes."
Nevertheless, you heard the sound of my entreaty
when I cried out to you.
23 Love the Lord, all you who worship him;
the Lord protects the faithful,
but repays to the full those who act haughtily.
24 Be strong and let your heart take courage,
all you who wait for the Lord.
------------------------------
Job 14:7,10
There is hope for a tree
that it will sprout again
if it is cut down.
Mortals die and are laid low.
Humans expire and where are they?
--------------------------------
A tree may sprout again when it is cut down.
A mortal body does not rise after it dies with or without renown.
========================
1 Peter 4:7
The end of all things is near. Be serious and discipline yourselves for the sake of your prayers.
--------------------------------
Watch yourself for the sake of your prayers.
The end is near for this state of affairs.
====================
Matt. 27:58
Joseph of Arimathea went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. Pilate ordered that it be given to him.
--------------------------------
Joseph asked Pilate for the body of Jesus.
Pilate gave it over to entomb to protect the public from diseases.
===================
Consciousness
Is consciousness the frame for thought?
If so, the success of mass production suggests that thought has to construct a frame for automation in behavior.
There is the experience that too much thought inhibits the accomplishment of a task. There is also the experience that too little is insufficient for the same end.
Consciousness approximates a primitive state of mind. It is simple. It responds to the environment. It requires intuitive response to perception. It suffers from lack of cognition however when the primitive mechanism fails to produce a functional result.
Aggression or submission seeks to compensate for the failure even though the experience of too much or too little thought has become part of the experiential frame for behavior.
Consciousness is not unique to an individual's perception. That would delay the development of ability in the group and the relevant individuals. It can't be subordinate to the collective either. That would inhibit group and personal maturity.
There was a time when existence existed without the human perception of it. Consciousness was created from the elements.
It was drawn from existence into experience. Reaction to external stimuli preceded emotional response.
Emotion came before reflection. Reflection preceded thought.
Thought was used to produce a sound for a word that represented something to a group or another individual. The group of words became a language. The language helped the group to communicate. That is the individuals could exist together with communication.
Language came to be used to define law. Certain behavior was perceived to be destructively harmful. That had to be ruled out for the security of the group. Punishment was prescribed for the violation of law.
Early civilization prescribed death as the penalty for most any crime. A crime violated the law. The violation might have killed someone. The criminal had to be threatened with death to deter the behavior.
The code of Hammurabi had a punishment attached to each violation. The commandments separated the infraction from the punishment. People had to have time to consider the importance of the law to give time to observe that which was right about it.
The punishments were still proximate to death, but a start was made toward making the punishment proportionate to the offense. Crimes lesser in consequence to murder did not warrant the death penalty.
Theft was offensive to the sense of ownership, but it could be repaired by returning the stolen article, paying for the value of it or by spending time in confinement to re-consider the offensiveness of the act.
Dismemberment resulted in irreversible damage to the person who had given into the temptation to steal. When the person corrected his consciousness with thought and habit, he was left without a functional part of his anatomy. It was not viewed as a legitimate legal form of punishment for the correction of criminal consciousness.
The commandments were the first step in the direction of forming a constitution. A constitution is a plan for government that provides a frame for law. The formation of the constitution was drawn from the experience of history.
Roman law was recorded without explicit reference to the gods or God. The code of Hammurabi had a similar structure.
Religion played an important rule in the regulation of behavior nonetheless. There was a strong emphasis on sharing providence with the sacrifice of an animal in a celebratory feast.
The patrician had to provide for workers and a private army in addition to his family. There was an imitation of providence that held both regular and special functions or the patrician wasn't building 'family' as a value in republican society.
The documentation of a constitution became an exercise in the reconstruction of classical consciousness. There were things about classical society that were admirable. There were other aspects that were despicably irresponsible.
Legislators are supposed to look at the expanse of history in order to pool their research ability in order to produce the next advance in constitutional consciousness. The research needs to include knowledge of current events in the world.
Where are other nations with respect for their constitutional expression? Where should we be?
The US was one of the first nations to produce a constitution for modern republic, but it started with a regression to slavery as a social institution.
European society had experienced a movement toward their continental unity with the holy Roman empire, but the crusades had established a precedent that allowed for invasion in retaliation for the invasion of the middle east.
The European Union has moved in the direction of continental security, but it also participated in the western coalition invasion of the middle east. The invasion threatened the security and stability of all the European nations. This was manifested in the influx in refugees.
While the air strikes that forced regime change on Libya and sought to do the same for Syria were not acceptable political actions, allowing refugees into the country from the nations that had been bombed added punishment to the people who paid the taxes but didn't order the air strikes.
The people were taxed for the air strikes are being taxed more to take in the refugees. That's not democracy. It's socialism. Government officials benefit from the taxation in both cases.
While muslim, christian and judaic cultures are monotheistic, a major rift was created between the political forms for the judeo-christian and muslim societies. Muslim society distinguished itself from the judeo-christian with the koran.
The bible is a complex construct that conjoins different monotheistic views with the expression of disapproval for polytheistic forms and norms.
The koran addresses faith in the form of the first person singular expression. Some of the prominent customs however were a step back to polytheistic society.
Polygamy was advocated as preferable to the association of monogamy with monotheism. The strong association of monogamy and monotheism is more economic for individual household units, but muslim society had formed its distinctiveness from judeo-christianity by the adoption of a more ancient norm.
This gave it proximity to the polytheism of classical culture, but it wasn't as centralized in economic organization.
Tribal organization was expanded to include a larger sense of community with political objectives as the basis for the organization. The philosophy for the organization emphasized the importance of thought for social value.
The Greek philosophers attained a resurgence in popularity that had been lost in the European society from which the respect for education had been drawn.
European society celebrated the Renaissance from what had been learned from muslim scholars. The lessons of the past were lost with respect for the progressive development of monarchical government.
Monarchy had aristocrats that were given land in return for contributions in military action. The nobles employed labor to care for the land.
Serfs were not far from slaves in terms of economic benefit or punitive consequence, but education was available through the Church. Education had a long while before it would become a public entity.
While the distinction of slaves from serfs was conceptually subtle in the sense that serfs were regarded as part of the property and slaves were owned as property, cruelty towards slaves was more pronounced.
They were shackled for sale or misbehavior. They were whipped to induce labor. They had less opportunity to work up the ladder for social hierarchy with organization.
The re-introduction of classical culture brought advocacy for rebellion as the means to overthrow the monarchy as a corrupt institution. Competition with muslim society also introduced a modern advance in cruelty in punishment with respect for religious doctrine.
The Spanish were not only the first European kingdom with the promotion of slavery as the means to climb the social ladder economically, they also introduced the Inquisition as a means to test for the knowledge of devotion.
There is the strong suggestion that certain muslim leaders had established the practice of punishing people as criminals if they didn't know the primary principles of the religion from the koran. This was most likely regarded as a form for public instruction.
While the US constitution was one of the first for the resurrection of republic in modern times, it is not the most advanced with respect for the documentation of modern political principles.
The European Union and the United Nations have documented more modern expressions, but they sanction socialist principles in organization.
Asian government has an emphasis on defense that the west needs to emulate as an advance in constitutional expression.
Thomas Hobbes was the orginator of constitutional consciousness for English society. He defined defense from attack as the primary concern for national security, but his argument was eclipsed by that of John Locke.
Locke was dedicated to forcing the world to submit to his constitutional cognition.
This is the state of modern consciousness as developed from the primitive.
Consciousness
David Chalmers
b. 4.20.1966 Sydney, Australia
Sydney
Sydney is on the south eastern coast of Australia. It is in a coastal basin. The Tasman Sea is to the east. The Blue Mountains stand in the west. The Hawkesbury River runs in the north. The Woronora Plateau lies to the south.
The weather is moderated by proximity to the ocean. The average high for January and February is 26.5 C (79.7 F). The average low for July is 8.7 C (47.7 F).
Sydney exceeded Melbourne's population in the early twentieth century and remains Australia's largest city. The six colonies agreed to form the Commonwealth of Australia following the depression of the 1890's. Daylight sea bathing was considered indecent until the early 20th century, but Sydney's beaches grew to become popular seaside holiday resorts.
The federation of the six colonies was enacted on 1 January 1901 during the reign of Queen Victoria. Sydney had a population of 481,000. It became the capital of New South Wales. The Great Depression of the 1930's had a severe effect on Sydney's economy. This was the case with most cities throughout the industrial world.
Australia entered the allied effort when Britain declared war against Germany in 1939. There was a surge in industrial development to meet the needs of a wartime economy. There were labor shortages as opposed to unemployment. Women became active in male roles.
The harbor was attacked by the Japanese in May and June 1942. There was a direct attack from Japanese submarines with some loss of life. Households throughout the city had built air raid shelters and performed drills.
Sydney experienced population growth throughout the post-war period. The people of Sydney warmly welcomed Queen Elizabeth II in 1954. The reigning monarch stepped onto Australian soil for the first time to commence her Australian Royal Tour. Her Majesty came ashore at Farm Cove on the Royal Yacht Britannia through Sydney Heads.
There were 1.7 million people living in Sydney at 1950 and almost 3 million by 1975.
David Chalmers
David was born in Sydney, New South Wales in on 20 April 1966. He grew up in Adelaide, South Australia. Adelaide is west of Sydney by about 1,375 km (858 miles).
He experienced synesthesia as a child. Synesthesia is a perceptual phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experience in a second sensory or cognitive pathway.
The earliest recorded case is attributed to the Oxford University philosopher John Locke. He made a report about a blind man in 1690 who said he experienced the color scarlet when he heard the sound of a trumpet.
Chalmers performed exceptionally well in math. He secured a bronze medal in the International Mathematical Olympiad.
Chalmers received his undergraduate degree in pure mathematics from the University of Adelaide in Australia. He continued his studies at the University of Oxford where he was a Rhodes Scholar.
Chalmers received his PhD in philosophy and cognitive science from Indiana University Bloomington under Douglas Hofstadter. His doctoral thesis was titled, "Toward a theory of consciousness."
He was a postdoctoral fellow in the Philosophy-Neuroscience-Psychology program directed by Andy Clark at Washington University in St. Louis from 1993 to 1995.
David Chalmers is an Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist who specializes in the philosophy of mind or language.
He is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Centre for Consciousness at the Australian National University. He is also a University Professor, Professor of Philosophy and Neural Science, and a Director of the Center for Mind, Brain and Consciousness at New York University.
He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2013.
The Hard Problem of Consciousness video
Chalmers is best known for formulating what he calls the hard problem of consciousness. He presented his formulation in both his 1995 paper "Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness" and his 1996 book The Conscious Mind.
He makes a distinction between "easy" problems such as explaining object discrimination or verbal reports and the single hard problem. This problem could be stated in the question "why does the feeling which accompanies awareness of sensory information exist at all?"
The essential difference between the (cognitive) easy problems and the (phenomenal) hard problem is that the former are at least theoretically answerable via the dominant strategy in the philosophy of mind: physicalism.
Physicalism is the metaphysical thesis that "everything is physical." There is "nothing over and above" the physical in this philosophy.
Chalmers argues for an "explanatory gap" from the objective to the subjective. He criticizes physicalist explanations of mental experience. Physicalism is based on substance monism so the criticism makes him a dualist.
He characterizes his view as "naturalistic dualism." He is naturalistic because he believes mental states are caused by physical systems (such as brains). He is a dualist because he believes mental states are ontologically distinct from and not reducible to physical systems.
He has published works on the "theory of reference" concerning how words secure their referents. He proposed a kind of theory called two dimensionalism. This put him together with others such as Frank Jackson.
It set him against Saul Kripke.The descriptivism advocated by Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell was the orthodoxy before Kripke delivered the famous lecture series Naming and Necessity in 1970.
Descriptivism suggests that a name is indeed an abbreviation of a description. It is a set of properties. John Searle later modified the set into a disjunction of properties. This name secures its reference by a process of fitting properties.
Whichever object fits the description most is the referent of the name. The description is seen as the connotation or the sense of the name in Fregean terms. It is via this sense by which the denotation of the name is determined.
Kripke argued in Naming and Necessity that a name does not secure its reference via any process of fitting meaning to description. A name determines its reference via a historical-causal link tracing back to the process of being named.
Kripke thinks that a name does not have a sense. That is that it does not have a sense which is rich enough to play the reference-determining role.
A name is a rigid designator. The designator refers to the same object in all possible worlds. He suggests that any scientific identity statement such as "Water is H2O" is also a necessary statement in this line of thought. It is true in all possible worlds. Kripke thinks that this is a phenomenon that the descriptivist cannot explain.
His view on names can also be applied to the reference of natural kind terms. This was also proposed by Hilary Putnam. The kind of theory of reference is called the direct reference theory.
Chalmers disagreed with Kripke and all the direct reference theorists in general. He thinks that there are two kinds of intension of a natural kind term. This stance is now called two dimensionalism.
The words, "Water is H2O" are taken to express two distinct propositions for example. This is often referred to as a primary and a secondary intension. The two together compose its meaning.
The primary intension of a word or sentence is its sense. It is the idea or method by which we find its referent. The primary intension of "water" might be a description, such as watery stuff.
The thing picked out by the primary intension of "water" could have been otherwise. When the inhabitants on some other world where "water" means watery stuff, but where the chemical make-up of watery stuff is not H2O, it is not the case that water is H2O for that world.
While the distinctions drawn in this debate may seem artificial in term of practical application, they are logically directed to the intuitive consideration of what people on different parts of the planet go through when it comes to the communication of ideas.
Water is H2O any place on earth, but different words are used in different languages to describe the same watery stuff that is composed by the same chemical elements.
The cultural view of the language as a context for the words can differ personally, emotionally, socially and cognitively, but it is the same stuff physically.
Chalmers has concentrated on verbal disputes in more recent work. He argues that a dispute is best characterized as "verbal" when it concerns some sentence S which contains a term T such that the parties to the dispute disagree over the meaning of T. The dispute arises solely because of this disagreement.
He proposes certain procedures for the resolution of verbal disputes in the same work. One of these he calls the "elimination method." This method involves eliminating the contentious term and observing whether any dispute remains.
David Chalmers
S. 大卫查尔莫斯
T. 大衛查爾莫斯
大 Da huge 大 Dai large De で デ De 데 place
卫 wei health 衛 ei defense biu びっ ビッ i 이 this
查 Cha see 查 no kanji do ど ド bi 비 ratio
尔 er you 爾 ore you Cha ちゃ チャ deu 드 de
莫 mo do not 莫 baku do not ru る ル Chal 찰 good
斯 si this 斯 shi this ma ま- マ- meo 머 what
zu ず ズ seu 스 switch
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The immaterial view of matter as a word
sees the particulars of general abstraction inferred.
===================
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Chalmers
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Crown of Thorns
A woven crown of thorns was placed on the head of Jesus during the events leading up to the crucifixion according to the synoptic gospels. It was one of the instruments of the Passion employed by the captors of Jesus both to cause him pain and to mock his claim of authority. Jesus is referred to as the King of the Jews both at the beginning of his life and at the end of his ministry.
The title "King of the Jews" is only used in the New Testament by gentiles, namely by the Magi, Pontius Pilate and the Roman soldiers. The Jewish leaders use the designation "King of Israel" in contrast. All four Gospels state that the title was used for Jesus when he was interviewed by Pilate. His Crucifixion was based on that charge.
Pilate wrote "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Judeans" as a sign to be affixed to the cross of Jesus. John 19:21 states that the Jews told Pilate: "Do not write King of the Jews" but instead write that Jesus had merely claimed that title, but Pilate wrote it anyway.
The story conveys the contrast between the Republican form of government favored by the Romans and the monarchical form that had developed in Egypt and had passed to the Middle East and Greece.
Roman emperors were not accepted as a legal entity by the Patricians of the Republic.
They were de facto monarchs. Each was working to establish a line of succession for their house with adoption when deemed beneficial. Octavian was not the son of Julius Caesar. He may have been related. He was granted the first place in the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
The Republic only recognized two consuls as leaders of the Senate. The consuls had a one year term limit. Emperors were often killed in battle or assassinated. The usurper was usually supported by the army and a majority in the Senate.
Romans were only allowed to give the emperor the loyalty granted by the Patrician class struggle with the Plebians. The title ascribed to Jesus by Pilate served as ironic commentary about the posthumous recognition of the authority that had been granted to Jesus by the Romans by his suffering death on the cross.
Helena, mother of Emperor Constantine, organized excavations in Jerusalem in the 4th century on the site of a pagan temple intended to wipe out the memory of where Jesus was buried.
Helena brought back to Rome several relics of Jesus’ passion according to Roman tradition. These were eventually housed in a chapel built as part of her palace located on the site of the pagan temple to the Unconquered Sun.
Baldwin II, the Latin Emperor of Constantinople, was anxious to obtain support for his tottering empire. He offered the crown of thorns to Louis IX, King of France, in 1238. It was in the hands of the Venetians as security for a heavy loan.
It was redeemed and conveyed to Paris where Louis IX built the Sainte-Chapelle (completed 1248) to receive it. The relic stayed there until the French Revolution.
Louis purchased the crown of thorns to solicit favor from the pope as the king of kings for the Holy Roman Empire. France held a position of primacy for the recognition. They were the first to send crusaders to Jerusalem in response to the papal call to service.
The current French Republic is predominantly Catholic, but it has been influenced by the Calvinist inspired revolution and the development of socialism by Karl Marx. The French Constitution allows for the recognition of rights for the people by the government to develop in relation to world events.
Their government has followed political developments in the US however odd that may be with respect for their seniority as a European nation. They have managed to emphasize respect for national boundaries with alliance and international cooperation.
