Showing posts with label obstructive. Show all posts
Showing posts with label obstructive. Show all posts

Sunday, August 4, 2019

Defend

8.11.19
Kylie Jenner

Defend
Your
Property
保卫你的财产
Bǎowèi nǐ de cáichǎn
あなたの財産を守る
Anata no zaisan o mamoru
ps50
Rem defendam

I prayed for the preservation of private property
to prevent it or me being taken by some improper lottery.

The earth has been called from the dawn to twilight.
Time and the world are ever in flight.

Divine light is revealed in glory.
It is perfect in the beauty of the celestial story. 

A consuming flame precedes the raging storm. 
Purification in redemption is the symbolic norm 
for ritual to perform.

Wash yourselves
from the decadent self.

Make yourselves clean
from the wrong you have seen.

Remove evil from your action.
Your goodness will find satisfaction.

Don't let evil return
or in shame you will burn.

Learn from the observation of goodness.
Things work best for functional sureness.

Seek justice
for augustness.

Defend the oppressed
from oppressing the rest.

Support the grateful orphan
to earn a portion of importance.

Grant the widow a place in the community
that she may continue to value opportunity.

Argue your position
to learn from opposition.

The analysis of language has a history
that describes the special meaning of word mystery.  

If your sins were as red as scarlet
your conscience will become as clean as snow white carpet.

If they had the shade of crimson
your soul will be cleansed of shame like wool from Lisbon.

We understand by faith that what is seen was made from things that are not visible.
Worlds were prepared by the word of God with a providence that is divisible.

Abraham set out for a place 
that he was to receive by faith.

Ziggurat of Ur

He moved forward to receive his estate 
like a wraith with a date from heaven's gate. 

Heaven and earth are called to witness
the wealth in health from forgiveness
for fitness. 

Gather those who have sealed the covenant with sacrifice
to celebrate the wonders of paradise.

Heaven will declare the rightness of cause
as the basis from which to draw a reason to pause
to form a clause for the judgment of law.  

The offering of praise is presented to find
the blessing in sacrifice for the Giver divined.

Spirit does not require meat for existence.
The divine nature does not require food for subsistence. 

The beasts of the forest are wild in nature.
Herds of any kind find freedom with feeding for labor. 

Birds in the sky defy gravity with flight.
Creatures of the field travel mostly at night. 

Would I drink the blood of goats?
I wouldn’t even put that in quotes.

Offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the Most High.
Gratitude is satisfying to the source of sight for your eye.

Call on me in the day of trouble.
I will deliver you from the misperception bubble.

Do not state my covenant with your words
and live in a way that makes life look absurd.  

When you refuse to govern your own actions,
it doesn’t work for public satisfaction.

When you make a thief your friend
it doesn’t work as a legal end.

When you cast your lot with the destructive
you help that which is obstructive and corruptive.

Don’t speak to cause evil to another.
Speech can motivate some to damage others.

You thought that these things made you like me.
You didn’t have the right way to see.

I have put my case before your eyes.
Don’t use it to justify lies.

Redemption is at hand
when the request for forgiveness has been asked.

Consider the value of goodness in law.
You are an advocate for the public draw in awe.

Be ready to protect your house from theft. 
Security asks you to be ready for defense even while at rest. 

The Son did not come to condemn humanity or nature.
The Word became incarnate to improve natural stature.

Those who walk with faith will see salvation
as a cause of thanksgiving for station in the nation.

The promise of entering into divine rest is open.
Take care to prevent your part from being broken.

-------------------------

50 Deus deorum
God of gods

1 The Lord, the God of gods, has spoken;
he has called the earth from the rising of the sun to its setting.
2 Out of Zion, perfect in its beauty,
God reveals himself in glory.
3 Our God will come and will not keep silence;
before him there is a consuming flame,
and round about him a raging storm.
4 He calls the heavens and the earth from above
to witness the judgment of his people.
5 "Gather before me my loyal followers,
those who have made a covenant with me and sealed it with sacrifice."
6 Let the heavens declare the rightness of his cause;
for God himself is judge.
7 Hear, O my people, and I will speak:
"O Israel, I will bear witness against you;
for I am God, your God.
8 I do not accuse you because of your sacrifices;
your offerings are always before me.
9 I will take no bull-calf from your stalls,
nor he-goats out of your pens;
10 For all the beasts of the forest are mine,
the herds in their thousands upon the hills.
11 I know every bird in the sky,
and the creatures of the fields are in my sight.
12 If I were hungry, I would not tell you,
for the whole world is mine and all that is in it.
13 Do you think I eat the flesh of bulls,
or drink the blood of goats?
14 Offer to God a sacrifice of thanksgiving
and make good your vows to the Most High.
15 Call upon me in the day of trouble;
I will deliver you, and you shall honor me."
16 But to the wicked God says:
"Why do you recite my statutes,
and take my covenant upon your lips;
17 Since you refuse discipline,
and toss my words behind your back?
18 When you see a thief, you make him your friend,
and you cast in your lot with adulterers.
19 You have loosed your lips for evil,
and harnessed your tongue to a lie.
20 You are always speaking evil of your brother
and slandering your own mother's son.
21 These things you have done, and I kept still,
and you thought that I am like you."
22 "I have made my accusation;
I have put my case in order before your eyes.
23 Consider this well, you who forget God,
lest I rend you and there be none to deliver you.
24 Whoever offers me the sacrifice of thanksgiving honors me;
but to those who keep in my way will I show the salvation of God."

-----------------------

Isa. 1:16-18

Wash yourselves. Make yourselves clean.
Remove the evil of your action
from before my eyes.
Cease to do evil.
Learn to do good.

Seek justice.
Rescue the oppressed.
Defend the orphan.
Plead for the widow.

Come now. Let us argue it out
says the LORD:

Though your sins are like scarlet,
they shall be like snow.
Though they are red like crimson,
they shall become like wool.

------------------------
Wash yourselves
from the decadent self.

Make yourselves clean
from the wrong you have seen.

Remove evil from your action.
Your goodness will find satisfaction.

Don't let evil return
or in shame you will burn.

Learn from the observation of goodness.
Things work best for functional sureness.

Seek justice
for augustness.

Defend the oppressed
from oppressing the rest.

Support the grateful orphan
to earn a portion of importance.

Grant the widow a place in the community
that she may continue to value opportunity.

Argue your position
to learn from opposition.

If your sins were as red as scarlet
your conscience will become as clean as snow white carpet.

If they had the shade of crimson
your soul will be cleansed of shame like wool from Lisbon.

==================

Hebrews 11:3,8

We understand by faith that the worlds were prepared by the word of God, so what is seen was made from things that are not visible.

Abraham obeyed when he was called to set out for a place that he was to receive as an inheritance by faith. He set out not knowing where he was going.

------------------------

We understand by faith that what is seen was made from things that are not visible.
Worlds were prepared by the word of God with a providence that is divisible.

Abraham set out for a place
that he was to receive by faith.

He moved forward to receive his estate
like a wraith with a date from heaven's gate.

==================

Luke 12:39

Know this: If the owner of the house had known at what hour the thief would come, he would have protected his house from theft. You also must be ready. The Son of Man is coming at an unexpected hour.'

------------------------

Be ready to protect your house from theft.
Security asks you to be ready for defense even while at rest.

==================

Meaning and Language

Scott Soames
b. 8.11.1946

Scott Soames is  is a professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. He specializes in the philosophy of language and the history of analytic philosophy.

He is well known for defending and expanding on the program in the philosophy of language started by Saul Kripke as well as being a major critic of two-dimensionalist theories of meaning. David Chalmers is a leading representative of this kind of theory.

The philosophy of language is derived from the history of analytic philosophy. Analytic philosophy can be traced back to the beginning of the 20th century. Central figures in the development are Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951), G.E. Moore (1873-1958), Gottlob Frege (1848-1925) and the logical positivists (1920-1960).

It is characterized by an emphasis on argumentative clarity and precision. Formal logic, conceptual analysis, mathematics and the natural sciences are used in analysis. John Locke had described his work as that of an "underlabourer" to the achievements of natural scientists such as Newton. The most influential advocate of the continuity of philosophy with science in the 20th century was Willard Van Orman Quine.

Analysis is directed by the principle that the clarification of thought can only be achieved in the form of propositions. Russell distinguished modern analytic empiricism  from that of Locke, Berkeley and Hume by its incorporation of mathematics and its development of a powerful logical technique.

It is able to achieve definite answers in regard to certain problems in a series of propositions that have the quality of science rather than of philosophy. It does not attempt to invent a block theory of the whole universe at one stroke.

The method resembles that of science, but it doesn't require the expertise of a scientist. It analyzes the conceptual propositions used to explain the object of a scientific inquiry.

The majority of university philosophy departments in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Scandinavia identify themselves as "analytic" departments. This is contrasted most notably with continental philosophies such as existentialism, phenomenology, Thomism and Marxism.

The philosophy of language explores logic, meaning and accounts of mind in the analytic tradition.  The scope of the inquiry may extend into the origins of language, the nature of meaning, the usage and cognition of language. The study investigates the relationship between language and reality more broadly.

Frege and Russell were pivotal figures. They were followed by Wittgenstein, the Vienna Circle. other positivists and Quine.

Interest in language extends back to the 5th century BCE in the west with Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics.  Medieval philosophers were concerned with the subtleties of language and its usage.

This interest was provoked by the necessity of translating Greek texts into Latin for many scholastics. The trivium was the template for the investigation of Latin.  Peter Abelard anticipated the modern ideas of sense and reference.

William of Ockham's Summa Logicae brought forward one of the first serious proposals for codifying a mental language.  Ockham and John Duns Scotus considered logic to be a scientia sermocinalis (science of language).

Linguists of the Renaissance and Baroque periods were infatuated with the idea of a philosophical language reversing the confusion of tongues. The fascination was fueled by the discovery of Chinese characters and Egyptian hieroglyphs. This thought was paralleled by the idea that there may be a universal language in music. The music of Bach has be recognized for the mathematical phrases in form.

The German philosopher Gottlob Frege brought the philosophy of language to the modern era. His work in logic in the late 19th century  influenced the work of 20th-century analytic philosophers Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

The philosophy of language became so pervasive that for a time in analytic circles, the discipline as a whole was understood to be an analysis of language.

Scott Soames was born on August 11, 1946. He did his undergraduate work in philosophy at Stanford University. He completed his graduate work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in linguistics and philosophy. He received his Ph.D. in philosophy from MIT in 1976.

Soames taught briefly at Yale University (from 1976–1980). He moved to Princeton University from 1980 to 2004. His departure from Princeton in 2004 was seen as a major loss at the philosophy department.

He has been a professor at the University of Southern California, Department of Philosophy since 2004. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2010.

Soames specializes in the philosophy of language and the history of analytic philosophy. He has published books and articles primarily on issues concerning meaning, reference and truth.

He and Nathan Salmon edited a book entitled Propositions and Attitudes (1989) fairly early in his career. This was a collection of readings that investigates philosophical issues surrounding the nature of propositions.

Soames has been known for expanding on the anti-descriptivist position developed by Saul Kripke in Naming and Necessity (1972/1980) later in his career. His work Beyond Rigidity: The Unfinished Semantic Agenda of 'Naming and Necessity' (2002) developed the position.

He is also a major critic of two-dimensionalist theories of semantics. He wrote Reference and Description: The Case against Two-Dimensionalism (2005) to express this criticism.

Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century (2003) is his two-volume history. It was developed from a lecture course regularly given at Princeton. It has been the subject of significant controversy among historians of the topic.

Exchanges on the Notre Dame Philosophical Review, Brian Weatherson's blog, the journal The Philosophical Quarterly and Soames's own web page have often been heated.

Scott Soames
S.  斯科特索姆斯
T.  斯科特索姆斯

斯 Si      this                     斯  shi       this                          Su   す    ス               Seu  스  switch   
科 ke     rules                    科  ka        department             ko  こっ コッ            kos  콧  nose           
特 te     special                 特  toku   special                      to   と      ト               So    소  small     
索 Suo  to exact               索  saku    cord                         So  そ-    ソ-               me   메  me           
姆 mu   governess            姆 mo       wet nurse                 mu  む     ム               jeu   즈  the               
斯 si       this                     斯  shi       this                          zu   ず     ズ                             
                                                 
-----------------------------

The analysis of language has a history
that describes the special meaning of word mystery.

=====================

wiki Scott Soames
USC Soames
USC Soames against Chalmers 2 dimensionalism
USC History of Analytic Philosophy in US

Wednesday, March 13, 2019

Defend

3.14.19

Reese Witherspoon

Defend
Your
Property
保卫你的财产
Bǎowèi nǐ de cáichǎn
あなたの財産を守る
Anata no zaisan o mamoru
ps50

I prayed for the preservation of private property
to prevent it or me from being taken by some improper lottery.

The earth has been called from the dawn to twilight.
Time and the world are ever in flight.

Divine light is revealed in glory.
It is perfect in the beauty of the celestial story. 

A consuming flame precedes the raging storm. 
Purification in redemption is the symbolic norm 
for ritual to perform. 

Heaven and earth are called to witness
the wealth in health from forgiveness
for fitness. 

Gather those who have sealed the covenant with sacrifice
to celebrate the wonders of paradise.

Heaven will declare the rightness of cause
as the basis from which to draw a reason to pause
to form a clause for the judgment of law.  

The offering of praise is presented to find
the blessing in sacrifice for the Giver divined.

Spirit does not require meat for existence.
The divine nature does not require food for subsistence. 

The beasts of the forest are wild in nature.
Herds of any kind find freedom with feeding for labor. 

Birds in the sky defy gravity with flight.
Creatures of the field travel mostly at night. 

Would I drink the blood of goats?
I wouldn’t even put that in quotes.

Offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the Most High.
Gratitude is satisfying to the source of sight for your eye.

The sagebrush made the city look unkempt.
The plan for the plum did not prevent the inept.

Call on me in the day of trouble.
I will deliver you from the mis-perception bubble.

Do not state my covenant with your words
and live in a way that makes life look absurd.  

When you refuse to govern your own actions,
it doesn’t work for public satisfaction.

When you make a thief your friend
it doesn’t work as a legal end.

When you cast your lot with the destructive
you help that which is obstructive and corruptive.

Don’t speak to cause evil to another.
Speech can motivate some to damage others.

You thought that these things made you like me.
You didn’t have the right way to see.

I have put my case before your eyes.
Don’t use it to justify your lies.

Redemption is at hand
when the request for forgiveness has been asked.

Consider the value of goodness in law.
You are an advocate for the public draw in awe. 

The Son did not come to condemn humanity or nature.
The Word became incarnate to improve natural stature.

Those who walk with faith will see salvation
as a cause of thanksgiving for station in the nation.

The promise of entering into divine rest is open.
Take care to prevent your part from being broken.




50 Deus deorum

1 The Lord, the God of gods, has spoken;
he has called the earth from the rising of the sun to its setting.
--------------------------------------
The earth has been called from the dawn to twilight.
Time and the world are ever in flight.
=======================
2 Out of Zion, perfect in its beauty,
God reveals himself in glory.
--------------------------------------
Divine light is revealed in glory.
It is perfect in the beauty of celestial territory.
=======================
3 Our God will come and will not keep silence;
before him there is a consuming flame,
and round about him a raging storm.
--------------------------------------
A consuming flame precedes the raging storm.
Purification in redemption is the symbolic norm
for the ritual to perform.
=======================
4 He calls the heavens and the earth from above
to witness the judgment of his people.
--------------------------------------
Heaven and earth are called to witness
the wealth in health from forgiveness
for fitness.
=======================
5 "Gather before me my loyal followers,
those who have made a covenant with me and sealed it with sacrifice."
--------------------------------------
Gather those who have sealed the covenant with sacrifice
to celebrate the wonders of paradise.
=======================
6 Let the heavens declare the rightness of his cause;
for God himself is judge.
--------------------------------------
Heaven will declare the rightness of cause
as the basis from which to draw a reason to pause
to form a clause in the judgment of law.
=======================
7 Hear, O my people, and I will speak:
"O Israel, I will bear witness against you;
for I am God, your God.
--------------------------------------
Judgment is tested in the crucible of time.
That which is found wrong is not defined
as sublime.
=======================
8 I do not accuse you because of your sacrifices;
your offerings are always before me.
--------------------------------------
The offering of praise is presented to find
the blessing in sacrifice for the Giver divined.
=======================
9 I will take no bull-calf from your stalls,
nor he-goats out of your pens;
--------------------------------------
Spirit does not require meat for existence.
The divine nature does not require food for subsistence.
=======================
10 For all the beasts of the forest are mine,
the herds in their thousands upon the hills.
--------------------------------------
The beasts of the forest are wild in nature.
Herds of any kind find freedom with feeding or labor.
=======================
11 I know every bird in the sky,
and the creatures of the fields are in my sight.
--------------------------------------
Birds in the sky defy gravity with flight.
Creatures of the field travel mostly at night.
=======================
12 If I were hungry, I would not tell you,
for the whole world is mine and all that is in it.
--------------------------------------
I would not tell you if I were hungry.
The world is mine with respect for the sundry.
=======================
13 Do you think I eat the flesh of bulls,
or drink the blood of goats?
--------------------------------------
Would I drink the blood of goats?
I wouldn’t even put that in quotes.
=======================
14 Offer to God a sacrifice of thanksgiving
and make good your vows to the Most High.
--------------------------------------
Offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the Most High.
The attitude of gratitude is satisfying to the source of sight for your eye.
=======================
15 Call upon me in the day of trouble;
I will deliver you, and you shall honor me."
--------------------------------------
Call on me in the day of trouble.
I will deliver you from the misperception bubble.
=======================
16 But to the wicked God says:
"Why do you recite my statutes,
and take my covenant upon your lips;
--------------------------------------
Do not state my covenant with your words
and live in a way that makes life look absurd.
=======================
17 Since you refuse discipline,
and toss my words behind your back?
--------------------------------------
When you refuse to govern your own actions,
it doesn’t work for public satisfaction.
=======================
18 When you see a thief, you make him your friend,
and you cast in your lot with adulterers.
--------------------------------------
When you make a thief your friend
it doesn’t work as a legal end.
=======================
19 You have loosed your lips for evil,
and harnessed your tongue to a lie.
--------------------------------------
When you cast your lot with the destructive
you help that which is obstructive and corruptive.
=======================
20 You are always speaking evil of your brother
and slandering your own mother's son.
--------------------------------------
Don’t speak to cause evil to another.
Speech can damage others.
=======================
21 These things you have done, and I kept still,
and you thought that I am like you."

--------------------------------------

You thought that these things made you like me.
You didn’t have the right way to see.

=======================

22 "I have made my accusation;
I have put my case in order before your eyes.

--------------------------------------

I have put my case before your eyes.
Don’t use it to justify your lies.

=======================

23 Consider this well, you who forget God,
lest I rend you and there be none to deliver you.

--------------------------------------

Consider the value of goodness in law.
You are an advocate for the public draw in awe.

=======================

24 Whoever offers me the sacrifice of thanksgiving honors me;
but to those who keep in my way will I show the salvation of God."

--------------------------------------

Those who walk with faith will see salvation
as a cause of thanksgiving for station in the nation.

=======================

Deut. 9:26
I prayed to the LORD and said, "LORD God, do not destroy the people who are your very own possession, whom you redeemed in your greatness, whom you brought out of Egypt with a mighty hand.

--------------------------------------

I prayed for the preservation of private property
to prevent it or me being taken in some improper lottery.

=======================

Hebrews 4:1
Therefore, while the promise of entering his rest is still open, let us take care that none of you should seem to have failed to reach it.

--------------------------------------

The promise of entering into divine rest is open.
Take care to prevent your part from being broken.

=======================

John 3:17
God did not send the Son into the world to condemn the world, but in order that the world might be saved through him.

--------------------------------------

The Son did not come to condemn humans or nature.
The Word became incarnate to improve natural stature.

=======================

Ponty supported communism initially, then shifted to socialism after his renunciation of Marx.
Communism approximated classical polytheism with an religious zeal for the sword of Damocles against religiosity. Violence was tolerated as a means to attain political progress.

Human nature was still viewed as totally depraved along with Calvin's definition, but science was viewed as the determinant force. The science was not objective however so much as it was anti-religious and anti-capitalist.

I couldn't find a translation of his work, but I have drawn this description from secondary sources. I will gladly amend any error should I find it in the future, but there is agreement between the secondary sources that indicates that he was a socialist who had been a Marxist.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty
3.14.1908 Rochefort, France
5.3.1961 Paris, France

Rochefort

Rochefort is located in southwestern France. It is a port on the Charente estuary. It was chosen as a place for the refuge, defense and supply of the French Navy by Jean-Baptiste Colbert in 1665. The Arsenal de Rochefort was a naval base and dockyard until it closed in 1926.

The location was home to a bagne, a high security penal colony that demanded hard labor from those convicted of crime. Bagnes were common fixtures in military harbors and naval bases because to the labor without wages. It was an indirect form of enslavement.

Over 800 Roman Catholic priests and other clergy who refused to take the anti-Papal oath of the “Civil Constitution of Clergy” were put aboard a fleet of prison ships in Rochefort harbor during the Jacobin period of the French Revolution. It is said that most died due to inhumane conditions.

The ‘Sword of Damocles’ was paired with Calvin’s doctrine regarding the total depravity of human nature in order to tell stories about the extreme cruelty of the new Republican form of government.

Napoleon Bonaparte surrendered to Captain F.L. Maitland aboard the HMS Bellerophon from the island of Ile-d’Aix off Rochefort on 17 July 1815. He had been hoping to flee to America. His surrender ended the “Hundred Days.”

This period saw the War of the Seventh Coalition. This included the Waterloo Campaign. The Neapolitan War and several other campaigns were fought by Napoleon after his exile to Elba. He had tried to take back the government from King Louis XVIII. Louis had only ascended to the throne on 6 April 1815. Napoleon had been in exile for 23 years.

Rochefort remained a garrison town well into the 20th century. The tourist industry grew in size due to the town’s spa. This would not gain significant stature as an industry until the 1990’s.
Merleau-Ponty

Maurice Merleau-Ponty was born on March 14, 1908 in Rochefort. His father was a colonial artillery captain and a knight of the Legion of Honor. He died in 1913. Maurice was 5 years old.
He moved with his family to Paris. He pursued secondary studies at the Parisian lycees Janson-de-Sailly and Louis-le-Grand. He completed his first course in philosophy at Janso-de-Sailly with Gustave Rodrigues in 1923-24.

He attended the Ecole Normale Superieure from 1926 to 1930. He befriended Simone de Beauvoir and Claude Levi-Strauss. Emile Brehier was a professor at ENS. He supervised the research on Plotinus for the Diplome d'etudes superieures in 1929. Brehier continued to supervise Merleau-Ponty's research through the completion of his two doctoral dissertations in 1945.

Merleau-Ponty attended Husserl's 1929 Sorbonne lectures during his student years. He received the agregation in philosophy in 1930 at the University of Paris in second place.

He taught at the Lycee de Beauvais (1931-33). He got a fellowship to do research from the Caisse nationale de la recherche scientifique. He taught at the Lycee de Chartres from 1934-35.

He became a tutor at the Ecole Normale Superieure. He was awarded his doctorate there for two important books: La structure du comportement (1942) and Phenomenolgie de la Perception (1945).

He rejected the empiricist understanding of sensation with the correlative "constancy hypothesis," the role granted to association and the treatment of the basic units of sensation as determinate atoms. He identified basic units as meaningful wholes with ambiguities, indeterminancies and contextual relations that defy explanation in the causal action of determinate things.

 He developed the concept of the body-subject (le corps propre) as an alternative to the Cartesian "ego cogito." The body subject perceived the essences of the world existentially. Consciousness, the world and the human body were mutually intertwined and engaged as a perceiving thing.

The phenomenal thing was not the unchanging object of the natural sciences. It was a correlate of our body and its sensory-motor functions. The body was an incarnated subjectivity through the sensible qualities it encountered that intentionally elaborated things within an ever-present world frame through the use of pre-conscious and pre-predicative understanding of the world's makeup.

His view of things defined an essential partiality in perception and a certain moment in time that did not diminish the reality of the things, but held the phenomenology of perception as primary in importance.

The object of perception is immanently tied to its background in the nexus of meaningful relations among objects within the world, but there is a distinction between the for-itself (subject) and the in-itself (object). Perception was given primacy over objectivity with all the indeterminancies of existential existence.  Violence was granted a place to enforce political progress.

He taught at the University of Lyon from 1945 to 1948. He was also the political editor for the leftist Les Temps morderne from the founding of the journal in October 1945 until December 1952. He had read Karl Marx's writings in his youth. Sartre claimed that Merleau-Ponty had converted him to Marxism.

While he was not a member of the French Communist Party, he laid out an argument justifying the Soviet show trials wherein he tolerated violence for progressive ends in Humanism and Terror in 1947.

He lectured on child psychology and education at the Sorbonne from 1949 to 1952. He renounced his advocacy for political violence in 1950. He rejected Marxism and advocated a liberal left position in Adventures of the Dialectic (1955).

His friendship with Sartre and word with Les Temps modernes ended because of the shift in his political view. Sartre maintained his favorable attitude toward Soviet communism. Merleau Ponty became active in the French non-communist left with the Union of the Democratic Forces.

He was awarded the Chair of Philosophy at the College de France from 1952 until his death in 1961.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty
莫里斯梅洛蓬志
莫里斯梅洛蓬志

莫  Mo    do not              莫  mo      do not                 Mo  も-    モ-          Mo     모   mother     
里  li        inside               里  ri         village               ri     り      リ           li        리   Lee                 
斯  si       this                     斯  shi      this                   su     す     ス           seu     스   switch       
梅  Mei  plum                  梅   bai     plum                  Me   め      メ           Meol  멀  far
洛  luo    city                   洛   raku  the capital           ru     る       ル          lo        로   in                   
蓬  Peng unkempt            蓬  bu      sagebrush           lo     ろ-    ロ-          Pong   퐁   pon                   
志  zhi      purpose           志  shi      plan                    Pon  ぽん  ポン       ti         티   tea                   
                                                                                     ti   てぃ  ティ                             

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The sagebrush made the city look unkempt.
The plan for the plum did not prevent the inept.

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