Make
Your Name
说出你的名字
Shuō chū nǐ de míngzì
あなたの名前を作ってください。
Anata no namae o tsukutte kudasai
ps8
Salvation comes by faith
for those who work while they wait
for grace in redemption
in the preservation
of liberty in the law
as worked to reduce flaw.
Justice is the goal for the law.
The goal must be fulfilled in practice as drawn
for improvement upon precedent as the phenomenon.
Cruel punishment
does not meet royal assent
to correct protest or petition as dissent.
Testimony about the charge of crime is by prejudice often bent.
Severity in judgment often reinforces criminal intent.
Detention provides time
for the correction of injustice as the cause of crime
in the cognition of the conceptual mind
Belief in liberty FROM the law is flawed.
The law is for civil and human rights for all.
God has raised the Holy One from the dead.
The murderer spent life imprisoned to his dread
of his memory about the act that had made the living dead.
The resurrected Jesus took a piece of broiled fish.
He ate it in the apostles' presence as a fulfillment of their wish.
Rights are for life, liberty and happiness.
Your name is exalted for health in consciousness.
You are the designer of paradise.
The means to surmise the device
of this design is often achieved by surprise.
Your majesty is praised above the heavens
out of the mouths of your children assenting to your presence!
You have set up a stronghold for defense
against our adversaries aggression in dissent.
Safety and good health are protectors
in the risks that challenge our vectors
in the sensibilities for reason's detector.
When I consider the heavens and the earth
as your creation I am filled with wondrous mirth.
The course for the planets around the sun
has been set with gravity for the celestial run.
The projection of our solar system
among the galaxies from a point of space in wisdom
is the container for time with the rhythm of mystic vision!
What is human being that you are mindful of our existence?
Does the authentic person express insistence on resistance
to the persistence of the vicious condition?
The Physicist uses math and a microscope to perceive
atomic structure in which you can believe what you conceive.
The Entrepreneur uses the power to deceive
so the market will think about the product to increase prestige
The performer arranges the elements for presentation
for the audience to seize as the mark of gradation
in the meaning of the contextual striation.
The field inside the sound of the musical
is not as rare as it is beautiful.
We have been made to exist only a little lower than angels.
We are adorned with our contagious relation to changes
in statistical tables regarding the staples of stations
among nations in the international generation
of political expectation.
Right for people is a natural law.
The voluntary aspect is not a flaw.
Conservative reform is a necessary draw.
The preservation of the environment
is our responsibility as our entitlement,
so we may cultivate food and flora for our joy,
construct constructs, produce products to employ
and organize organizations for our security to deploy.
It is your name that is exalted among the stars.
You are the designer for the paradise that is ours.
You are the authority for your power!
Power rules power.
You are the tower.
------------------------
8 Domine, Dominus noster
Dominated, Our Dominator
1 O Lord our Governor,
how exalted is your Name in all the world!
2 Out of the mouths of infants and children
your majesty is praised above the heavens.
3 You have set up a stronghold against your adversaries,
to quell the enemy and the avenger.
4 When I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers,
the moon and the stars you have set in their courses,
5 What is man that you should be mindful of him?
the son of man that you should seek him out?
6 You have made him but little lower than the angels;
you adorn him with glory and honor;
7 You give him mastery over the works of your hands;
you put all things under his feet:
8 All sheep and oxen,
even the wild beasts of the field,
9 The birds of the air, the fish of the sea,
and whatsoever walks in the paths of the sea.
10 O Lord our Governor,
how exalted is your Name in all the world!
----------------------------
Acts 3:14-15
You rejected the Holy and Righteous One and asked to have a murderer given to you. You killed the Author of life. God has raised him from the dead. We are witnesses to this.
--------------------------------
God has raised the Holy One from the dead.
The murderer spent life imprisoned to his dread
of his memory about the act that had made the living dead.
==================
Luke 24:42
They gave him a piece of broiled fish. He took it and ate it in their presence.
--------------------------------
The resurrected Jesus took a piece of broiled fish.
He ate it in the apostles' presence as a fulfillment of their wish.
==================
The right to own property separates primitive from civilized society.
Natural Law
Emer de Vattel
b. 4.25.1714 Couvet, Val-de-Travers, Switzerland
d. 12.26.1767 Couvet, Val-de-Travers, Switzerland
Couvet
Couvet was a municipality in Val-de-Travers in the western part of Switzerland. It merged with eight
other municipalities to form the administrative district of Val-de-Tavers in 2009. The region is known
for its production of absinthe.
The municipality is located in a valley in the Neuchâtel Jura. The Jura Mountains are a sub-alpine
range located north of the Western Alps. The range mainly follows the course of the France–Switzerland border. The valley provides a connection between the Swiss plateau and Franche-Comte.
range located north of the Western Alps. The range mainly follows the course of the France–Switzerland border. The valley provides a connection between the Swiss plateau and Franche-Comte.
The river L'Areuse flows the length of the valley. Most of this river is shallow and about 10 meters wide.
It narrows into a gorge near Noiraigue. This river has provided much of the water and fish for the valley.
Val-de-Travers had a population of 10,745 as of December 2017. Most of the population (as of 2000)
speaks French (88.9%) as their first language. Italian is the second most common (3.0%) and German
is the third (2.7%) most common language.
Emer de Vattel
Emer de Vattel was born at Couvet, in Neuchâtel on April 25, 1714.The principality was ruled by the kings
of Prussia. He was the youngest son of David Vattel and Marie de Montmollin.
His father was a Protestant clergyman ennobled in 1727 by the king of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm I. He
was the head of the local congregation of ministers. His mother was the daughter of the principality’s
ambassador to the Prussian court.
Emer was enrolled as a student of the humanities at the University of Basel from 1728 to 1730. He
attended courses on Samuel Pufendorf given by the Huguenot minister Pierre Roques.
Pufendorf had developed a theory about the moral relationships of agents, the authority and duties of
states and the lawful interactions among these. His chief objective was to avoid destructive social conflict
and the devolution on any level into the antagonistic and self-defeating condition known as the state of nature.
Pufendorf’s approach was secular, non-metaphysical and anti-authoritarian. It eschewed religious appeals,
scholastic dogma, essentialism, teleology and the frequent mix of these that appealed to many German
thinkers, Catholic and Protestant alike.
scholastic dogma, essentialism, teleology and the frequent mix of these that appealed to many German
thinkers, Catholic and Protestant alike.
He built on Bodin, Lipsius, Grotius, Hobbes and the Italian reason-of-state tradition. Pufendorf is known
as a voluntarist in ethics, a sovereignty theorist in politics and a realist in international relations theory.
as a voluntarist in ethics, a sovereignty theorist in politics and a realist in international relations theory.
His kind of natural law is called ‘modern' but it echoed the tradition of the Roman Republic. His law of
nature and nations was an exercise in the consideration of international relations, but it obscured respect
for boundaries.
nature and nations was an exercise in the consideration of international relations, but it obscured respect
for boundaries.
Emer went to Geneva to pursue theological and metaphysical studies in 1733. One of his teachers was
Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui. It was under Burlamaqui’s tutelage that Vattel developed the principle of the
right of people as the law of nations.
Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui. It was under Burlamaqui’s tutelage that Vattel developed the principle of the
right of people as the law of nations.
He wrote a series of essays, several of which appeared in Switzerland’s leading literary journal, the
Neuchâtelbased Journal Helvétique in 1740 and 1741. He wrote a lengthy defense of the philosophy of
Leibniz. The Lausanne professor of philosophy and mathematics Jean-Pierre de Crousaz claimed it was
atheism.
Neuchâtelbased Journal Helvétique in 1740 and 1741. He wrote a lengthy defense of the philosophy of
Leibniz. The Lausanne professor of philosophy and mathematics Jean-Pierre de Crousaz claimed it was
atheism.
Vattel dedicated his defense to Friedrich II. The dedication earned him an invitation from the French
ambassador in Berlin to come to the court of the prince whose subject he was by birth. He failed to
obtain a diplomatic position.
ambassador in Berlin to come to the court of the prince whose subject he was by birth. He failed to
obtain a diplomatic position.
He moved to Dresden due to financial difficulties in 1743. He was promised employment by Count Brühl,
first minister of Elector Friedrich August II of Saxony. The same man that served as the Elector of Saxony
was also the elective king of Poland. His name was August III for that position.
first minister of Elector Friedrich August II of Saxony. The same man that served as the Elector of Saxony
was also the elective king of Poland. His name was August III for that position.
Vattel spent the next three years in Neuchâtel waiting for orders from Dresden. He wrote essays and
studied the works of the German philosopher Christian Wolff while he waited.
studied the works of the German philosopher Christian Wolff while he waited.
The essays were about the relation between natural and political law. The first asked the question, can
natural law bring society to perfection without the political form? The second was about the first principle
of the obligation to observe law. Both were published in 1746.
natural law bring society to perfection without the political form? The second was about the first principle
of the obligation to observe law. Both were published in 1746.
Vattel remained in Neuchâtel for much of the next ten years. He sent a stream of letters to Brühl
complaining of his ill health and dire financial circumstances. This turned out to be the most productive
period of his life despite the complaint.
complaining of his ill health and dire financial circumstances. This turned out to be the most productive
period of his life despite the complaint.
He published a further collection of essays in 1757. These included dialogues between Diogenes and
Marcus Aurelius and between Henry IV of France and his adviser Sully.
Marcus Aurelius and between Henry IV of France and his adviser Sully.
He wrote his masterpiece, Les Droit des Gens (The Right of People) which appeared in Neuchâtel at the
end of 1757. The title is translated as The Law of Nations. The work established him as an authority on
natural jurisprudence. He has been identified as an international lawyer.
end of 1757. The title is translated as The Law of Nations. The work established him as an authority on
natural jurisprudence. He has been identified as an international lawyer.
The work was largely influenced by a book titled Jus Gentium Methodo Scientifica Pertractum (Law of
Nations According to the Scientific Method) by Christian Wolff. Jus Gentium can be translated as the
Right of People.
Nations According to the Scientific Method) by Christian Wolff. Jus Gentium can be translated as the
Right of People.
Vattel's work began by translating Wolff's text from Latin and adding his own thoughts. His thought was
heavily influenced by Gottfried Leibniz and Hugo Grotius. It focused largely on the rights and obligations
of citizens and states
heavily influenced by Gottfried Leibniz and Hugo Grotius. It focused largely on the rights and obligations
of citizens and states
It also changed his personal situation. The elector of Saxony finally recalled Vattel to Dresden in 1759. He
was appointed to the Privy Council and made a chief adviser to the government of Saxony on foreign
affairs.
was appointed to the Privy Council and made a chief adviser to the government of Saxony on foreign
affairs.
The Law of Nations was translated into English in 1760.
He married Marie de Chêne, the daughter of a Huguenot noble family, in 1764. They had a son.
Charles W.F. Dumas sent Benjamin Franklin three original French copies in 1775. He said that this book
by Vattel "has been continually in the hands of the members of our Congress now sitting".
A copy owned by the New York Society Library had been borrowed by President George Washington on
8 October 1789 along with a copy of Vol. 12 of the Commons Debates containing transcripts from Great
Britain's House of Commons. The book was found to be overdue after his death.
8 October 1789 along with a copy of Vol. 12 of the Commons Debates containing transcripts from Great
Britain's House of Commons. The book was found to be overdue after his death.
Vattel was one of a number of 18th century European scholars who wrote on international law.
These authors were "well known in America" at the time. They included Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui,
Cornelius van Bynkershoek, Hugo Grotius, Samuel von Pufendorf, Thomas Rutherforth, Niccolo
Machiavelli and Wolff. The Law of Nations has been described as "unrivaled among such treatises in its
influence on the American founders."
Cornelius van Bynkershoek, Hugo Grotius, Samuel von Pufendorf, Thomas Rutherforth, Niccolo
Machiavelli and Wolff. The Law of Nations has been described as "unrivaled among such treatises in its
influence on the American founders."
The Swiss republic in which Vattel did his research was different from the Dutch version in that it was a
federation that allowed for different forms of government in different cities.
federation that allowed for different forms of government in different cities.
The basic reason for the republic was not unique to Rome. Commerce with other nations had been
adopted as the primary goal for the organization of the state by the Phoenicians, the Greeks and the
Carthaginians. The Chinese still use the principle. They don't have the term limits. The others had
monarchs.
adopted as the primary goal for the organization of the state by the Phoenicians, the Greeks and the
Carthaginians. The Chinese still use the principle. They don't have the term limits. The others had
monarchs.
The idea was that the cost for military action was to be kept at a minimum by negotiation in relation to the
protection of trade. The extreme restriction of political benefit from the one year term limit for the executive
office however made plunder the only way to accumulate enough wealth to support the military force
needed to protect trade.
protection of trade. The extreme restriction of political benefit from the one year term limit for the executive
office however made plunder the only way to accumulate enough wealth to support the military force
needed to protect trade.
The patricians held the official authority in the senate. They divided the world for their benefit. Those who
aspired to power in the Roman state went through the course of offices in order to become a patrician.
aspired to power in the Roman state went through the course of offices in order to become a patrician.
The senate made sure that media expression was directed against the enemy (monarchical or tribal
barbarians) to keep the public off balance regarding the power of the patrician.
barbarians) to keep the public off balance regarding the power of the patrician.
The Romans didn't defeat the Carthaginians by the limitation of military action to defense. They
aggressively defined their competitors as enemies and promoted insurrection in their territory.
aggressively defined their competitors as enemies and promoted insurrection in their territory.
The same kind of aggressive strategy was used to help the Greek empire to fall. Domestic dissatisfaction
with the monarchy was used to divide the house against itself.
with the monarchy was used to divide the house against itself.
The military success of the experienced soldiers against the less organized tribal societies was used to
'defend' the republic from attack.
'defend' the republic from attack.
The republic became an empire when the emperor was accepted as a necessary evil to convert to the
conquered world into republican states. The leadership for the empire eventually divided when the military
was paid enough to determine election outcomes for state officials.
conquered world into republican states. The leadership for the empire eventually divided when the military
was paid enough to determine election outcomes for state officials.
This pattern was used as an argument against the establishment of a standing military by monarchy, but
parliamentary government adopted the practice of precipitating violent conflict for the benefit of official
power.
parliamentary government adopted the practice of precipitating violent conflict for the benefit of official
power.
This was the same tactic that had been used by the Patricians. The authority for the practice was shifted
to the lower house.There wasn't official sanction for the military, but the need for the protection of trade
from attack, whether staged, fictional or actual was established as perpetual.
to the lower house.There wasn't official sanction for the military, but the need for the protection of trade
from attack, whether staged, fictional or actual was established as perpetual.
Roman republic defined executive authority for the government as the greatest threat to the success of
commerce. They implied that the protection of the commerce was subordinate to trade, but commercial
relations were shifted to make success in trade dependent upon the military victory as orchestrated by
the patricians in their class struggle with plebians.
commerce. They implied that the protection of the commerce was subordinate to trade, but commercial
relations were shifted to make success in trade dependent upon the military victory as orchestrated by
the patricians in their class struggle with plebians.
The Dutch and the Swiss employed mercenaries for the protection of trade in the city and outside of it as
necessary. When mercenaries limited their role to defense, they earned their pay. When they staged events
to make their service look invaluable, they were subversive at least and international terrorists at the
worst.
necessary. When mercenaries limited their role to defense, they earned their pay. When they staged events
to make their service look invaluable, they were subversive at least and international terrorists at the
worst.
Vattel claimed that this “delightful dream” for cooperation among nations based on rights in law was
derived directly from human nature. He acknowledged that “most nations aim only to strengthen and
enrich themselves at the expense of others” in the Law of Nations (bk. II, §16).
derived directly from human nature. He acknowledged that “most nations aim only to strengthen and
enrich themselves at the expense of others” in the Law of Nations (bk. II, §16).
Prudence in statecraft actually prevented existing states from making mutual aid the guiding principle
of foreign politics. This suggested that states ought to content themselves with a morally less appealing,
but nevertheless workable, order based on the balance of power.
of foreign politics. This suggested that states ought to content themselves with a morally less appealing,
but nevertheless workable, order based on the balance of power.
Vattel explained this acknowledgment of the realities of modern European politics on two grounds. The
first was the theoretical incoherence of previous natural law theories with regard to the duties of perfectly
independent states.
first was the theoretical incoherence of previous natural law theories with regard to the duties of perfectly
independent states.
Here he turned against Wolff’s idea of a civitas maxima (largest city). He claimed that Wolff had rightly
distinguished between two forms of the law of nations. There was an immutable or necessary right of
people that signified the law of nature applied to individual states.
distinguished between two forms of the law of nations. There was an immutable or necessary right of
people that signified the law of nature applied to individual states.
There was also a voluntary regulation which defined the necessary limitations of natural law within the
realm of international relations. He argued that the voluntary had to be tolerated in order to avoid great
harm.
realm of international relations. He argued that the voluntary had to be tolerated in order to avoid great
harm.
Natural law was used by Vattel as an olive branch in international relations. There is an implication for
conservative expenditure in government when natural law is logically associated with the rights of people.
This conservative policy is supported by the royal line of succession. The succession passes on propertyconservative expenditure in government when natural law is logically associated with the rights of people.
and principle in economic leadership from one generation to the next. It serves as a model for household
management with respect for family values in other households.
Executive authority in republic should not have term limits. Indefinite re-election is a better policy for the
competition in conservative policy with monarchy. The Roman republic had to adopt a line of succession
in order to direct official policy.
competition in conservative policy with monarchy. The Roman republic had to adopt a line of succession
in order to direct official policy.
It wasn't so much a necessary evil as it was economically efficient. It allowed business organization to
develop for the production of value with products or services in the free market.
develop for the production of value with products or services in the free market.
Liberals would have us believe that government has to regulate success for those who agree with them.
Conservative policy allows for success to be achieved in the market by restricting government intervention
by regulation.
Conservative policy allows for success to be achieved in the market by restricting government intervention
by regulation.
Emer de Vattel was unable to cope with his office due to ill health and retired to his native Neuchâtel. He
died in December 1767 at the age of fifty-three.
died in December 1767 at the age of fifty-three.
Emer de Vattel
伊玛巴特尔
伊瑪 巴特爾
伊 Yi he 伊 i that one E え エ Em 엠 m
玛 ma agate 瑪 me agate ma ま- マ- ma 마 hemp
巴 ba to hope 巴 ha comma-design dei でい デイ de 데 place
特 te special 特 toku special Wa わ ワ I 이 this
尔 er you 爾 ore you to と ト Wa 와 wow
ru る ル teul 틀 frame
--------------------------------
The right for people is a natural law.
The voluntary aspect is not a flaw.
Conservative reform is a necessary draw.
==================
https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/vattel-the-law-of-nations-lf-ed
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emer_de_Vattel
Goo Goo Dolls
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