Love
Your
Enemy
爱你的敌人
Ài nǐ de dírén
あなたの敵を愛しなさい
Anata no teki o aishi nasai
ps77
Dilige inimicum
I will remember the lesson taught by experience.
The remembrance of wonder will deliver me from weariness.
I will meditate on the acts of the past
to ponder wealth in the truth of observed facts.
Romanticism was even the style for economics
for the Austrian bridle in psychonomics.
My hands will stretch out at night.
I will not tire until I am blessed with insight.
I watch my will for want or need.
The design for law discourages greed.
I am troubled when I cannot speak.
My eyes won't close to allow me sleep.
I remember the years long past.
I consider the days recently cast.
I commune with my heart in thought.
I search for reason by experience bought.
Will the dominant cast me off for ever?
Is success gained only by the aggressive endeavor?
Has love with kindness come to an end?
Has the promise failed to extend?
Providence is sanctified by benefit
when agreement is not defined as degenerate.
It is difficult to love your enemy,
but reason finds the best remedy.
Persuade your adversary to not do damage
to allow competition to work for provident advantage.
Who is so great as our God?
Wonder lines the path on which we trod.
Faith has declared divine power
as redemption from that which made crisis flower.
We are the children for preservation in competition.
Divine will fathered our deliberation on mission.
Let the dead bury their dead.
The heart is there to lend succor to your head.
The water saw the work in the wind.
The waves were raised as akin to chagrin.
The depths were moved
to the aquatic tune.
The clouds shed massive waves of particle plunder
as the heat clashed charge flash lit the darkness before the thunder.
The staggered path of dancing light
announced the presence of the static to sight.
The sound of your power was in the whirlwind.
Your lightning flashed remembrance of what made life begin.
The earth trembled and shook
until a path through the sea of reeds opened like a book.
You made a way through the water
for each beloved son and daughter.
A chariot of flame with horses of fire separated the one from the many.
Salvation watched the ascension by whirlwind to the promise of plenty.
Your footsteps were not seen
yet your presence was felt as serene
despite the tumult of the scene.
The people were drawn along the way
by the exaltation of passage through the fray.
The LORD delivered you from bondage to ignorance.
The transcendence of strife saved you from belligerence.
Christ has set us free to live in liberty with bravery.
We need not ever submit again to the yoke of slavery.
--------------------------
Psalm 77
Voce mea ad Dominum
My voice for the Dominant
1 I will cry aloud to God;
I will cry aloud, and he will hear me.
2 In the day of my trouble I sought the Lord;
my hands were stretched out by night and did not tire;
I refused to be comforted.
3 I think of God, I am restless,
I ponder, and my spirit faints.
4 You will not let my eyelids close;
I am troubled and I cannot speak.
5 I consider the days of old;
I remember the years long past;
6 I commune with my heart in the night;
I ponder and search my mind.
7 Will the Lord cast me off for ever?
will he no more show his favor?
8 Has his loving-kindness come to an end for ever?
has his promise failed for evermore?
9 Has God forgotten to be gracious?
has he, in his anger, withheld his compassion?
10 And I said, "My grief is this:
the right hand of the Most High has lost its power."
11 I will remember the works of the Lord,
and call to mind your wonders of old time.
12 I will meditate on all your acts
and ponder your mighty deeds.
13 Your way, O God, is holy;
who is so great a god as our God?
14 You are the God who works wonders
and have declared your power among the peoples.
15 By your strength you have redeemed your people,
the children of Jacob and Joseph.
16 The waters saw you, O God;
the waters saw you and trembled;
the very depths were shaken.
17 The clouds poured out water;
the skies thundered;
your arrows flashed to and fro;
18 The sound of your thunder was in the whirlwind;
your lightnings lit up the world;
the earth trembled and shook.
19 Your way was in the sea,
and your paths in the great waters,
yet your footsteps were not seen.
20 You led your people like a flock
by the hand of Moses and Aaron.
------------------------------
2 Kings 2:11
A chariot of flame with horses of fire separated Elijah from Elisha as they were walking and talking across the Jordan. Elijah ascended in a whirlwind to heaven.
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A chariot of flame with horses of fire separated the one from the many.
Salvation watched the ascension by whirlwind to the promise of plenty.
==================
Gal. 5:1
Christ has set us free to live in liberty. Stand firm. Do not submit again to the yoke of slavery.
-------------------------
Christ has set us free to live in liberty with bravery.
We need not ever submit again to the yoke of slavery.
==================
Luke 9:60
Jesus said to him, 'Let the dead bury their own dead. As for you, go and proclaim the kingdom of God.'
-------------------------
Let the dead bury their dead.
The heart is there to lend succor to your head.
==================
Economic Romanticism
Adam Muller
b. 6.30.1779 Berlin, Bradenburg
d. 1.17.1829 Vienna, Austria
Adam Muller was a German publicist, literary critic, political economist, theorist of the state and forerunner of economic romanticism.
Berlin
Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. The population was about 3,750,000 in 2018. It is the second most populous city in Europe after London.
The city is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate due to its location in the European Plain. About one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers, canals and lakes. It straddles the banks of the River Spree. The Spree flows into the River Havel. The Havel is a tributary of the River Elbe.
Berlin is home to world-renowned universities, orchestras, museums and entertainment venues. It is host to many sporting events. Its Zoological Garden is the most visited zoo in Europe. It is one of the most popular worldwide.
It is an increasingly popular location for international film productions with the world's oldest large-scale movie studio complex. The city is well known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts and a very high quality of living.
The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was initially a war between various Protestant and Catholic states in the fragmented Holy Roman Empire.
The war devastated Berlin. One third of its houses were damaged or destroyed, and the city lost half of its population.
Frederick William had succeeded his father George William as ruler in 1640. He initiated a policy of promoting immigration and religious tolerance. Frederick William offered asylum to the French Huguenots with the Edict of Potsdam in 1685.
Approximately 30 percent of Berlin's residents were French by 1700, because of the immigration. Many other immigrants came from Bohemia, Poland and Salzburg.
The Margraviate of Brandenburg had been in personal union with the Duchy of Prussia since 1618. The dual state formed the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg, crowned himself as king Frederick I in Prussia.
Berlin replaced Konigsberg as the capital of the new Kingdom. This was a successful attempt to centralize the capital in the very far-flung state. It was the first time the city began to grow. It merged with 4 other cities in 1709.
Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great, came to power in 1740. Berlin became a center of the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of knowledge and advanced ideals such as liberty, progress, toleration, fraternity, constitutional government and separation of church and state.
French historians traditionally date the period from 1715 to 1789. It ran from the beginning of the reign of Louis XV until the French Revolution.
Berlin was occupied briefly occupied by Russia during the Seven Years War. The war was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved every European great power of the time and spanned five continents. It affected Europe, the Americas, West Africa, South Asia and the Philippines.
The conflict split Europe into two coalitions. One was led by the Kingdom of Great Britain. It included the Kingdom of Prussia, the Kingdom of Portugal, the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg and other small German states.
The other was led by the Kingdom of France and included the Austrian-led Holy Roman Empire, the Russian Empire (until 1762), the Kingdom of Spain and the Swedish Empire.
The Raid on Berlin took place in October 1760 when Austrian and Russian forces occupied the Prussian capital for several days. The occupiers withdrew after raising money from the city. Prussian reinforcements were on the way. The city had been occupied for 4 days.
The Romantik epoch of German philosophy and literature was described as a movement against classical and realistic theories of literature. It was a contrast to the rationality of the Age of Enlightenment.
It elevated medievalism and elements of art and narrative from the medieval period. It also emphasized folk art, nature and an epistemology based on nature. The epistemology included human activity conditioned by nature in the form of language, custom and usage.
Heidelberg became the center of the movement after the Jenna phase (1798-1804). The distance from Heidelberg to Berlin is about 480 km (300 miles). Jena was closer. It was about 220 km (135 miles).
The Heidelberg Romantics were a famous circle of poets. Joseph von Eichendorff, Johann Joseph von Görres, Ludwig Achim von Arnim and Clemens Brentano are listed among them.
Notable representatives of Berlin Romanticism included Friedrich Schleiermacher, Wilhelm von Humboldt and Alexander von Humboldt.
Adam Muller
Adam Muller was born in Berlin on June 30, 1779.
It was intended that he should study Protestant theology, but from 1798 he devoted himself in Göttingen to the study of law, philosophy and natural science. He was a student of the jurist Gustav Hugo. Gottingen was about 260 km (165 miles) to the south west of Berlin.
King George II of Great Britain was also Elector of Hanover. He gave his Prime Minister in Hanover, Gerlach Münchhausen, the order to establish a university in Göttingen to propagate the ideas and values associated with the European Enlightenment in 1734.
Courses were taught in the Paulinerkirche in association with the Dominican monastery or in the homes of professors. A riding hall and a fencing house were the only buildings added to the campus. No university auditorium was built until well into the 19th century.
Muller was persuaded by his friend Friedrich von Gentz (1764-1832) to take up political science when he returned to Berlin. He had formed intimacy with Gentz despite their difference in age. Gentz was 15 years older.
The connection exercised an important influence both on his material circumstances and his mental development throughout Muller's life. The two men differed widely in character and in their fundamental principles, but agreed in their practical political aims at least in their later period. The friendship was only terminated by death.
Müller worked for some time as referendary in the Kurmärkische Kammer in Berlin. His relations with the Junker party and his co-operation with them in their opposition to Hardenberg's reforms made any public employment in Prussia impossible for him.
Junker is a derivation from Jung (young) and Herr (heir). It means young nobleman. The Junker was originally one of the members of the higher edelfrei (immediate) nobility before recognition by accolade. Many Junker families only had prepositions such as von or zu before their family names without further ranks.
The term was also used in several countries in the title Kammerjunker, the German and Scandinavian equivalent of the French valet de chambre. This was a position usually given to young noble men in the service of a princely rank person at the court. A Kammerjunker was ranked below a chamberlain, but above a chamber page.
Hardenberg had been summoned to Berlin in 1797 for the accession of King Frederick William III of Prussia. He received an important position in the cabinet for Westphalia and Neuchatel.
He had struck up a friendship with Count Haugwitz in 1793. Haugwitz was the minister for foreign affairs. When he went away on leave (August–October) he appointed Hardenberg his locum tenens.
It was a critical period. Napoleon had just occupied Hanover. Haugwitz had urged upon the king the necessity for strong measures and the expediency of a Russian alliance. This was the reform for which Hardenberg was working at the time. The king stayed with the policy of neutrality which had so far seemed to have served Prussia so well.
Hardenberg contented himself with adapting himself to the royal will. The unyielding attitude of Napoleon had caused the king to make advances to Russia by the time Haugwitz returned, but the mutual declarations of the 3rd and 25th of May 1804 only pledged the two powers to take up arms in the event of a French attack upon Prussia or of further aggressions in North Germany.
Haugwitz finally resigned because he was unable to persuade the cabinet to take a more vigorous policy. Hardenberg succeeded him as foreign minister on April 14, 1804.
Muller had travelled to Sweden and Denmark in this period. He spent about two years in Poland, then went to Vienna where he converted to the Catholic faith on 30 April 1805. He became acquainted with Metternich through Gentz. He made himself useful in the preparation of state papers.
Metternich was an Austrian diplomat who was at the center of European affairs for four decades as the Austrian Empire's foreign minister from 1809 and Chancellor from 1821 until the liberal Revolutions of 1848 forced his resignation.
Hardenberg would later enact liberal reforms for the Prussian state. He has been reputed to have made improvements to the army system, abolished serfdom and feudal burdens, opened the civil service to all classes and reformed the educational system.
Muller lived at Dresden from 1806 to 1809. He was occupied with the political education of the Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar. He was also a lecturer on German literature, dramatic art and political science. He edited the periodical Phoebus with Heinrich von Kleist in 1808.
He was distinguished as a writer not only on politics and economics, but on literature and aesthetics. His chief work is the Elemente der Staatskunst (Elements of Statecraft).
The series originated in lectures delivered before Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar and an assembly of politicians and diplomats at Dresden in the winter, 1808-09.
There were six books in the series. The state, rights and the spirit of legislation in antiquity and in the Middle Ages were described. Money, national wealth, the economical factors of trade in the state and the relation between the state and religion were discussed.
He endeavored to comprehend the connection between political and social science. The historical method was used to base them upon philosophy and religion.
The preface to the first volume of the Elemente treated the differences between his work and Montesquieu's De l'esprit des lois. He must be reckoned among the chief opponents to revolutionary idea in politics with Edmund Burke, Friedrich von Gentz, Joseph de Maistre and Karl Ludwig von Haller.
Müller rejected the distinction between constitutional and civil law (common law) as dependent upon the idea of the state's omnipotence. His work Von der Notwendigkeit einer theologischen Grundlage der gesamten Staatswissenschaften (On the necessity of a comprehensive theological foundation for political science, 1820) was his variation of that which had been written on constitutional monarchy by Spinoza.
He was like Haller (Restauration der Staatswissenschaften, 1816) in this regard. His ideal was based on medieval feudalism. Feudalism was the foundation for the reorganization of modern political institutions. It was also the template on which the reorganization should be modeled.
He belonged to Romanticism in the field of literature and aesthetics. He was a Romanticist even in his specialty, political economy. His theory of the state was a matter of aesthetics and style. The reconciliation of science and art with the noblest ideas in political life was his stated purpose.
His position in political economy was defined by his strong opposition to Adam Smith's system of materialistic-liberal (so-called classical) political economy. The so-called industry system was criticized. He censured Smith as presenting a one-sided material and individualistic conception of society. It was too exclusively English in his view.
Müller was an adversary of free trade. It's like he was saying that the state was not omnipotent, but it was all powerful.
He emphasized the ethical element in national economy In contrast with the economical individualism of Adam Smith. The state had a duty toward the individual. Religion was also necessary in this perspective.
Müller's importance in the history of political economy is acknowledged even by the opponents of his religious and political point of view. His reaction against Adam Smith was critical of misinterpretation. Some of his ideas, freed from much of their alloy, are reproduced in the writings of the historical school of German economists.
Muller returned to Berlin in 1809, but moved to Vienna in 1811. He lived in the house of Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este and became the friend of Clemens Maria Hofbauer.
He entered the Austrian service in 1813 and was appointed imperial commissioner and major of the rifle corps in Tyrol. He took part in the wars for liberty. He participated in the reorganization of the country later on as counselor of the government.
He became Austrian consul-general for Saxony at Leipzig and agent for Anhalt and Schwarzburg on the conclusion of peace.
He edited the periodicals Deutscher Staatsanzeiger (German State Gazette) and Unparteiischer Literatur- und Kirchenkorrespondent (Impartial Literary and Church Correspondent) between 1816-1818.
He attended the ministerial conferences at Carlsbad and Vienna (1819–1820). He took part in framing the Carlsbad resolutions as one of the principal literary instruments of the reaction.
Prince Metternich had convened the meeting of the state's representatives in Carlsbad, Bohemia after a liberal student for republic had murdered a conservative writer. Metternich was concerned that liberal and national tendencies at German universities might conduct revolutionary activities threatening the monarchistic order in the course of the European Restoration.
The Carlsbad Decrees were a set of restrictions that banned nationalist fraternities ("Burschenschaften"), removed liberal university professors and expanded the censorship of the press. They were aimed at quelling a growing sentiment for German unification for a republic. They were passed during ongoing Hep-Hep riots. The riots ended within a month after the resolution was passed.
Muller was ennobled as Ritter von Nittersdorf at the insistence of Prince von Metternich in 1826. He was recalled to Vienna (1827), appointed imperial counselor and employed in the service of the chancellery.
He died in Vienna in 1829 at the age of 49.
The feudalistic thought in Müller's writings was regarded as reactionary. It did not agree with what was right about the spirit of the times. It prevented his political ideas from exerting a more notable and lasting influence on his age. The punitive and fictive elements of the religious character prevented them from being appreciated as applicable to civil society.
His teaching was extensive for theorists of corporatism and the corporate state, but the rejection of the free market turned his work into a prelude to socialism.
----------------------
Adam Muller
S. 亚当穆勒
T. 亞當穆勒
亚 Ya second 亞 a rank A あ ア A 아 ah
当 dang during 當 to accept damu だむ ダム dam 담 wall
穆 Mu majestic 穆 boku respectful Myu みゅ ミュ Mwil 뮐 mul
勒 le to bind 勒 roku bridle ra ら- ラ- leo 러 the
-------------------------
Romanticism was even the style for economics
for the Austrian bridle in psychonomics.
==================
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller
https://www.jstor.org/stable/30053606?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2707132?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Adam_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/24513/summary
