Showing posts with label Christ. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Christ. Show all posts

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Talk

3.15.20

Kanon Fukuda and Ayaka Wada

Talk
Time
谈话时间
Tánhuà shíjiān
連続通話時間
Renzoku tsūwa jikan
ps95
Disputatio tempore

Saturn was seen before we could dream
of counting his moons as a part of his team.

The seventh of the heavenly objects that shine in the night
is the planet that is known as the symbol of time.

The oldest known of celestial spheres
adheres to the path to travel with tears
that veers from that of which the stars steer.

The Lord of the rings 
has exchanged meaningful things.

He gathered together the fauns and the nymphs
and gave them a glimpse of life without pimps.

Saturn has many moons.
Their orbits play different tunes.

Titan is larger than Mercury.
His lineage precedes that of Hercules.

Rhea is plenty smaller than our moon
but she is the wife to Saturn's swoon.

Many others are smaller still.
They don't comply with the equatorial will.

Crashes do occur.
Space debris does recur.

A co-orbit exists where the rocks change place
The inside track is replaced.

Janus and Epimetheus make the change.
Transitions are the name of their game.

Rock holds the joy for our salvation.
The height of mountain celebrates our elation.

The depth of cavern shields us from harm.
Rubble tells the standing stone that it is lacking charm.

The sheep have been scattered on a day of darkness.
The wilderness can seem so harsh that it is heartless.

Care seeks out the flock as they drift like clouds.
The shepherd calls each by name with a voice that is loud.

The sheep have been found.
The shepherd feels the profound sound 
of joy echo from the ground.

Don't harden your heart for adversity.
Knowledge is found at the edge of uncertainty.

Quarreling in hardship was pronounced.
The counting of faults was announced.

Testing without rest was a mess.
Survival was for the fittest when it was best.

The wilderness was a maze in the mind.
The consequence for error was that which confined.

Where was there water
for your son or your daughter?

Where was the food
that would lighten your mood?

Where was the danger
that crept up like a stranger?

Where was the pasture
that would result in your laughter?

Where was the power for those who believe?
Where was the knowledge that would provide your relief?

March is the month that marks the start for the growing season.
Politics is framed in the context of the contest for economic reason.

Joseph had interpreted his dream for storage 
to secure surplus against when we had to forage.

Prosperity followed for the interpration of natural design
until benefit from agreement with the Pharaoh had declined.

The Israelites found themselves decline to a state of servitude
as the leadership of Egypt grew a more celestial attitude.

Moses fled from the land to avoid the guilt produced 
after he had killed a man for a pattern of abuse.

He saw a bush burn though the flames did not consume it.
The name for the divine nature was seen by the one who had viewed it.

Nature exists in that which is divine
as an expression of the intent for the design. 

Pharaoh released the people after the last of many plagues
that showed that the power of the prophet prevailed over oppressive ways.

The congregation wandered through the wilderness of sin
to find food and water wherever their feet had carried them.

When they did not find water at the place of rest in Rephidim
the people complained against Moses as though the lack was because of him.

'Were we brought out of Egypt to die from thirst?
Leaving the life we knew looks more and more like a curse.'

Moses took his staff along with the elders of Israel
to the rock of Horeb to produce water as something visible.



He struck the hot rock with his staff.
It split in half. The elders laughed.

Water gushed out for the people to drink
before they could blink or think.

The place was named for the test that the quarrel had made.
Providence was demonstrated when the risk for faith was paid.

The Son sat down by the well on the shoulder of the road.
He asked the watchful woman for a drink of water as not necessarily owed.

He offered her living water that she might see what could be shown 
by the gift of giving something that was hers but not her own.

This gift of giving gave the promise of eternal life
insofar as the gift is returned like a husband's hug to his wife.

She asked him for the wonder of this unending gift.
She thought the trick was to receive without the work of thrift.

He asked her to get her husband  and to bring him back.
She said she had no husband to hide her lack of tact.

He said you were right to say you have not that which you lack.
'You had 5 husbands. The man with whom you live is the one that you do not have.' 

She said 'I see that you are a prophet, but I cannot worship in the Temple.'
He said the Father seeks those who will worship wherever they may assemble.

The gift of the Holy Spirit wishes for worship in spirit and truth.
The spirit of truth is given by the Son that seeks to share his truth with youth.

We stand justified by faith with grace in the hope of Christ.
We have been honored to share in the glory that his sacrifice sufficed.

The experience of adversity produced endurance.
Endurance produced character with assurance.

Character has formed hope that doesn't disappoint
that which is right about that to which we point.

Love has been poured into our heart's by the Holy Spirit
for the experience of the presence for those who will draw near it.

Someone might dare to die for a good person
but the choice to die for those who were not certain
would be as rare as the final curtain.

Christ died for us when we were sinners
to glorify reconciliation with God for winning figures.

We will be saved from wrath in justification by his blood
as a body for salvation annointed by his love.

The evidence for our testament has been revealed by the Father
through the reconciliation that Jesus Christ has offered. 

When the Son of man and his angels appear,
will you be ready for the heavenly here?

Survival for fitness was for the best.
Learn from the experience expressed in the test.

Come let us sing the song of salvation.
It will be good for us, the world and our nation.

-------------------

Psalm 95
Venite, exultemus
Come, let us

1 Come, let us sing to the Lord;
let us shout for joy to the Rock of our salvation.
2 Let us come before his presence with thanksgiving
and raise a loud shout to him with psalms.
3 For the Lord is a great God,
and a great King above all gods.
4 In his hand are the caverns of the earth,
and the heights of the hills are his also.
5 The sea is his, for he made it,
and his hands have molded the dry land.
6 Come, let us bow down, and bend the knee,
and kneel before the Lord our Maker.
7 For he is our God,
and we are the people of his pasture and the sheep of his hand.
Oh, that today you would hearken to his voice!
8 Harden not your hearts,
as your forebears did in the wilderness,
at Meribah, and on that day at Massah,
when they tempted me.
9 They put me to the test,
though they had seen my works.
10 Forty years long I detested that generation and said,
"This people are wayward in their hearts;
they do not know my ways."
11 So I swore in my wrath,
"They shall not enter into my rest."

----------------------

March is the month that marks the start for the growing season.

Chn.  三月是标志着生长季节开始的月份。
            Sān yuè shì biāozhìzhe shēngzhǎng jìjié kāishǐ de yuèfèn.
Jpn.   3月は成長期の始まりを示す月です。
            3 Tsuki wa seichō-ki no hajimari o shimesu tsukidesu.
Krn.   3 월은 성장 계절의 시작을 나타내는 달입니다.
           3 wol-eun seongjang gyejeol-ui sijag-eul natanaeneun dal-ibnida.
Ltn.  Mensis Martii est notas quae est satus de crescens temporum.
Itln.  Marzo è il mese che segna l'inizio della stagione di crescita.
Spn.  Marzo es el mes que marca el inicio de la temporada de crecimiento.
Frn.   Mars est le mois qui marque le début de la saison de croissance.
Gmn. März ist der Monat, der den Beginn der Vegetationsperiode markiert.
Dtch.  Maart is de maand die het begin van het groeiseizoen markeert.
Czch.  Březen je měsíc, který označuje začátek vegetačního období.
Hgn.   A március az a hónap, amely a növekedési időszak kezdete.
Trk.    Mart, büyüme mevsiminin başlangıcını gösteren aydır.
Grk.   Ο Μάρτιος είναι ο μήνας που σηματοδοτεί την έναρξη της καλλιεργητικής περιόδου.
          O Mártios eínai o mínas pou simatodoteí tin énarxi tis kalliergitikís periódou.
Rsn.   Март - это месяц начала вегетации.
           Mart - eto mesyats nachala vegetatsii.

March is the month that marks the start for the growing season.
Politics is framed in the context of the contest for economic reason.

--------------------------

God is King


Psalms 93-99 are called the royal psalms. They declare that God is the King for his people.
None in this group is titled as one of David's. Psalm 95 is attributed to David in the letter to the Hebrews (Heb. 4:7).

It is conceivable that the Roman general Vespasian had notified the Pharisaical sect with Josephus that the temple in Jerusalem would be destroyed. The Judaic kingdom would be replaced with a republic under the name of Palestine. It would not be Jewish.

It was probably clear to Vespasian and Josephus that the Judean kingdom was more advanced culturally than the Roman republic.

Judea had demonstrated the capacity to entertain a system of election in a way that recognized the conservative reform embodied by the royal line of succession. It was done with the help of belief in the one God.

These royal psalms represented the abiltiy for the believer in any kingdom or republic to praise the sovereignty of deity in the people as well as in the royal line. 

They ascribe royalty to God for national sovereignty.

Seeds Family Worship - Sing for Joy (Ps.95:1-4)
Music video

Sons of Korah - Psalm 95
Music video

----------------------

Rock of Horeb


The last reading from the book of Exodus was for the last Sunday in February 2020. It was about the revelation to Moses on Mt. Sinai.

This selection refers to an event that preceded the ascription of law to tablets.

Moses had fled to Midian after he killed an Egyptian for the abuse of a Jew at work.

While he may have expected to remain in exile for the rest of his life, he had a mysterious encounter with  the burning bush that was not consumed by the flames that he saw. He witnessed a name as a testimony to the existence of the divine nature.

He felt compelled to receive the vision as instruction to return to Egypt to help the Israelites to escape from servitude and to lead them back to the land that had been promised to Abraham.

The initial petition to let the people go was made to Pharaoh by Aaron. Their workload was increased.  Moses and Aaron returned to insist on their release.

Plagues were sent on the land as a reminder that the authority of the Creator was greater than that of oppressive leadership.

The Isrealites were released after the last plague had passed over their children, but damaged or destroyed those who held on to belief in superstition.

Exodus 17:1-7

The whole congregation of the Israelites journeyed by stages from the wilderness of Sin (guilt) as the LORD commanded. They camped at Rephidim (place of rest), but there was no water to drink. The people quarrelled with Moses and said, 'Give us water to drink.'

Moses said to them, 'Why do you quarrel with me? Why do you test the LORD?'

The people thirsted for water. They complained against Moses and said, 'Did you bring us out of Egypt to kill us, our children and livestock with  thirst?'

Moses cried out to the LORD, 'What shall I do? The people are almost ready to stone me.'

The LORD said, 'Go on ahead of the people. Take some of the elders of Israel. Take the staff with which you struck the NIle and go. I will be standing there in front of you on the rock of Horeb (heat). Strike the rock. Water will come out of it so the people may drink.'

Moses did these things in the sight of the elders. He called the place Massah (test) and Meribah (quarrel) because the Israelites had quarrelled and tested the LORD saying, 'Is the LORD among us or not?'

----------------------

Joseph had interpreted his dream for storage
to secure surplus against when we had to forage.

Prosperity followed for the interpration of natural design
until benefit from agreement with the Pharaoh had declined.

The Israelites found themselves decline to a state of servitude
as the leadership of Egypt grew a more celestial attitude.

Moses fled from the land to avoid the guilt produced
after he had killed a man for a pattern of abuse.

He saw a bush burn though the flames did not consume it.
The name for the divine nature was seen by the one who had viewed it.

Nature exists in that which is divine
as an expression of the intent for the design.

Pharaoh released the people after the last of many plagues
that showed that the power of the prophet prevailed over oppressive ways.

The congregation wandered through the wilderness of sin
to find food and water wherever their feet had carried them.

When they did not find water at the place of rest in Rephidim
the people complained against Moses as though the lack was because of him.

'Were we brought out of Egypt to die from thirst?
Leaving the life we knew looks more and more like a curse.'

Moses took his staff along with the elders of Israel
to the rock of Horeb to produce water as something visible.

He struck the hot rock with his staff.
It split in half. The elders laughed.

Water gushed out for the people to drink
before they could blink or think.

The place was named for the test that the quarrel had made.
Providence was demonstrated when the risk for faith was paid.

=================

Chemical Brothers - Sometimes I Feel So Deserted
Music video

Crash Test Dummies - God Shuffled His Feet
Music video

--------------------------

Hope


Justification by faith was shown to be the case by the interpretation of the story about Abraham in the 4th chapter of the letter to the Romans. He received the promise through the righteousness of faith. We are justified in the same way.

Persuasion for conversion was aimed at the adult audience in Rome. Circumcision had been worked into the Judaic faith as a rite after the promise had been made to Abraham. The rite itself was a testimony to the value of hygiene for ease in the reduction of odor.

Baptism as a rite also promoted good hygiene, but it didn't require adult men to receive circumcision in order to enter the community of the religious body. It offered the symbolic history of Judaism as the way to cleanse perception for the reception of faith in the one God.

The apostle pointed to Abraham as the renowned forefather in Jewish reverence. Since justification wasn't counted before the law, he was given the promise by grace. Abraham became the spiritual forefather for all in his obedience to the promise.

The gift of grace given to Abraham pointed to Christ as the incarnation of the Son for monotheism and monogamy as standards for the religious body. Abraham's faith did not justify him by his own merit or value. It gave him a part in Christ.

We are not justified by the merit of our own work. Faith in Jesus Christ and his righteousness is the truth urged by the 3d and 4th chapters as the foundation for comfort.

Christ worked for our salvation by his passion and death. The power of his work with respect to us depends on his resurrection for the vision of our perfection. He paid our debt by his death. He received our receipt for settlement in his resurrection.

We received the discharge from the guilt and punishment of sin in him by his sacrifice once and for all time. This is the summary for the gospel. We have also been given the promise of salvation. 

Romans 5:1-11

We have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ through whom we have obtained access to the grace in which we stand justified by faith. We boast in the hope of sharing this glory.

We also boast in our suffering knowing that suffering produces endurance. Endurance produces character. Character produces hope and hope does not disappoint us. God's love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit that has been given to us.

Christ died for the ungodly at the right time while we were still weak. Someone might actually dare to die for a good person, but rarely will anyone die for any one who is not. God proved his love for us in that while we were sinners Christ died for us.

We will be saved from wrath through him now that we have been justified by his blood. If we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son while we were enemies, much more surely will we be saved by his life having been reconciled.

Our boast is in the Father through our Lord Jesus Christ through whom we have now received reconciliation.

----------------------

We stand justified by faith with grace in the hope of Christ.
We have been honored to share in the glory that his sacrifice sufficed.

The experience of adversity produced endurance.
Endurance produced character with assurance.

Character has formed hope that doesn't disappoint
that which is right about that to which we point.

Love has been poured into our heart's by the Holy Spirit
for the experience of the presence for those who will draw near it.

Someone might dare to die for a good person
but the choice to die for those who were not certain
would be as rare as the final curtain.

Christ died for us when we were sinners
to glorify reconciliation with God for winning figures.

We will be saved from wrath in justification by his blood
as a body for salvation annointed by his love.

The evidence for our testament has been revealed by the Father
through the reconciliation that Jesus Christ has offered.

=============

Rebecca St.James - Hope's Song
Music video

Citizen Way - The Hope Song
Music video

--------------------

Topo Map for Sychar, Samaria


Political Map Sychar, Samaria


The Well

The fourth gospel described the identity of Jesus. The gospel text presented an explanation of Christ's nature and origin as the christian Christology.

Much of the material that had been common to the other 3 gospels was left out. This text includes discourses about the divinity of the Son as the Word for the kingdom of God.

The theological implications for the vision of John the Baptist at the baptism of Jesus were set down in the first chapter of the gospel of John the Evangelist.

Water was turned into wine at the wedding celebration in Canaan. The money-changers were driven from the temple.

Nicodemus was told that it was through the water and the Spirit that a believer had to be re-born in spirit and truth to receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.

John the Baptist declared that Christ was above all.

The 4th chapter recounted the presentation of the Son of God in Samaria, then Galilee. It provided a vision for the redemption of Israel and the lost tribes.

The disciples baptized for repentence in the name of Jesus. Those who had started with John baptized more than he did through their discipleship with Christ as representative of leadership in the world.

When the Pharisees heard of the success of baptism, Jesus chose to leave Judea to travel back to Galilee. He had to pass through Samaria.

Jesus could have chosen a route that avoided Samaria. Most Israelites chose the route near the Jordan to travel north. The Samaritans were hostile to Jews.

He chose to pass through Samaria as part of God's plan for redemption. The  history of discord between Judeans and Samaritans stretched back to pre-Samaritan times in the 10th century BCE. The 10 northern tribes of Israel united in a civil war against David's descendant King Rehoboam.

The 10 tribes of the Northern Kingdom of Israel elected Jeroboam, a descendant of Joseph's son Ephraim, as their king.

Jeroboam expelled all the priests and Levites to reject worship with the Covenant at the Temple in Jerusalem. He set up a new Temple on Mt. Gerizim in violation of the Sinai Covenant and reintroduced golden calf worship.

The Assyrians exiled the 10 tribes of Israel for rebellion in the 8th century BCE. They brought in 5 different groups of people from the East. They brought their gods and their baalim [plural of baal] with them. This was syncretized with the worship of Yahweh.

The Samaritans offered to help rebuild the Temple in the 6th century BCE when the Southern Kingdom of Judah was allowed to return from the Babylonian exile to rebuild in Jerusalem.

They sought to keep the Jews from rebuilding the Temple after their offer was rejected. Did they want to help re-build or was it part of their plan to disrupt the re-construction?

Centuries of enmity left deep-seeded distrust between Jews and Samaritans.  The Samaritans only accepted the first 5 books of Moses (Genesis through Deuteronomy).  They did not accept the histories or the prophets or the books of wisdom into their canon.

The word Sychar is probably the Greek corruption of the name of the ancient city of Shechem. Shechem means 'shoulder' or 'personal interest.' It was where Jacob had made his well. It was to become the capital for the northern kingdom.

The Aramaic name for Shechem is Sichara. The word is very similar to the name Sychar. Scholars usually identify Sychar as either the ancient city of Shechem near Mt. Gerizim or as the present day Arab village of Askar at the foot of Mt. Ebal.

The site for Sychar was prominently located on the road to Galilee in the time of Jesus. Many scholars identify Sychar as the ancient Shechem.

Jesus was tired by the time that he reached Jacob's well, but he did not waste the opportunity to reach out to the lost sheep as the Good Shepherd.

Jesus spoke with the Samaritan woman about her husbands and the man to whom she was not married. She asked others, "Can this be the Christ?" Many believed.

John 4:5-24

Jesus came to a Samaritan city called Sychar near the plot of ground that Jacob had given to his son Joseph. Jacob's well was there. He was sitting by the well at about noon tired from his journey.

A Samaritan woman came to draw water. Jesus said to her, 'Give me a drink.' (His disciples had gone to the city to buy food.) The woman said, 'How is it that you, a Jew, ask a drink of me, a woman of Samaria? (Jews did not share things in common with Samaritans.)

Jesus answered, 'If you knew the gift of God and who it is that is saying to you "Give me a drink", you would have asked him and he would have given you living water.'

The woman said, 'Sir, you have no bucket. The well is deep. Where did you get that living water? Are you greater than our ancestor Jacob who gave us the well from which his sons and his flocks drank?'

Jesus said, 'Everyone who drinks of this water will be thirsty again, but those who drink of the water that I will give them will never be thirsty. The water that I will give will become a spring of water gushing up to eternal life in them.'

The woman said, 'Give me this water so I may never be thirsty or have to keep coming here to draw water.'

Jesus said, 'Go, call your husband and come back.' The woman answered, 'I have no husband.' Jesus said, 'You are right to say, "I have no husband." You have had 5 husbands and the one you are with now is not your husband. What you have said is true!'

The woman said, 'I see that you are a prophet. Our ancestors worshipped on this mountain, but you say that the place where people must worship is in Jerusalem.'

Jesus said, 'Believe me. The hour is coming when you will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem. You worship what you do not know. We worship what we know for salvation is from the Jews. The hour is coming on us, when the true worshipper will worship the
Father in spirit and truth. The Father seeks such as these. God is spirit. Those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth.'

----------------------

The Son sat down by the well on the shoulder of the road
He asked the watchful woman for a drink of water as not necessarily owed.

He offered her living water that she might see what could be shown
by the gift of giving something that was hers but not her own.

This gift of giving gave the promise of eternal life
insofar as the gift is returned like a husband's hug to his wife.

She asked him for the wonder of this unending gift.
She thought the trick was to receive without the work of thrift.

He asked her to get her husband  and to bring him back.
She said she had no husband to hide her lack of tact.

He said you were right to say you have not that which you lack.
'You had 5 husbands. The man with whom you live is the one that you do not have.'

She said 'I see that you are a prophet, but I cannot worship in the Temple.'
He said the Father seeks those who will worship wherever they may assemble.

The gift of the Holy Spirit wishes for worship in spirit and truth.
The spirit of truth is given by the Son that seeks to share his truth with youth.

=================

Water from the Well
Music video

Casting Crowns - The Well
Music video

-------------------------

Louise de Marillac


When monasticism was authorized by the pope after the claim of papal  sumpremacy, it wasn't dedicated to the recognition of national sovereignty. Participation in the traditional orders carried both a papal and socialist kind of internationalism.

Monasticism had originated with Anthony of Egypt. His followers literally did not own property at the start. They left all that they had to live in the wilderness as a pre-civilized state of existence. They sought to find the economy of natural law.

There were probably benefactors who joined later who claimed that they had sold all their possessions to serve the poor, but used their money to purchase land to build an estate that could house labor that would produce a product of value for the market.

There was a literal aspect in the obedience to the statement to sell all that you have and serve the poor, but it is likely that the abbot who bought property for the use of the Church and didn't sell all his possessions was able to sustain the community long enough to pass it to a successor who could be expected to lead the group in liturgical and social productivity.

It seems likely that the public statement that all had been given to the poor became a declaration that a property would be used to house labor in the name of the Church.

The life of the organization was sustained in the process. The estate might have even made enough for the abbot to give back to the family from which he came.

A number of monasteries were successful because they took in visitors who would make a voluntary contribution for the stay.

The voluntary part of the contribution allowed those who were poor to pay less than a lodge might charge.  Participation in liturgical prayer and the communal contemplation of the scripture was asked to make up the difference.

There was also the chance that a charitable contributor would make a substantial donation for charity and the life of the monastic community.

The vow of chastity was a public admission that marriage didn't look like it would ever work for the monastic. The vow of poverty was a pledge to work for the sustainment of the community.

The vow of charity was an open door to perform good works for those who were less fortunate and not willing to join a monastery.

The medical profession and related supports were largely developed out of innovations that had been adopted and sustained by monastic communities.

Some monasteries used the land purchased in the name of the church to plant vineyards for wine or grain for bread and other foodstuffs.

French Monasticism

Louise de Marillac was born in France, but she had wanted to join the Poor Clares when she was growing up. The Reformation in France was managed differently than in England. Protestants had become a social as well as a religious influence on government.

The royalty in France did not dissolve monastic orders or confiscate their property.

Vincent de Paul and Louise de Marillac created a new national order. The monastic vows were revised for social service in the context of republic or kingdom. There was an increased emphasis on the value of national sovereignty. The property for the monastic order was retained in the name of the leader as privately owned.

While the Church in France, Spain or other nations did not necessarily claim independence from Rome as King Henry VIII had done, there was an adjustment in emphasis even for nations that remained 'catholic.' This adjustment was supported by the Anglican and Lutheran Reformations.

Vincent de Paul established the Congregation of the Mission in 1625. The members of this order were called the Lazarists or Vicentians. They were a community of priests who devoted themselves to work in the small towns and villages of France even though it wasn't necessarily the best choice for ecclesiastical advancement in urban settings like the capital.

Louise established the Daughters of Charity as a mobile monastic community. They didn't live cloistered behind the walls of a monastery devoted to the contemplative life with the liturgical cycle of prayer.

The sisters set up soup kitchens, organized community hospitals, established schools and homes for orphaned children, offered job training, taught the young to read and write and worked to improve prison conditions.

The order spread out from Paris into the countryside, but those who were willing to go through the French speaking world or beyond were authorized by the instruction in charity work. It had become a privately owned and organized form of social work for charity.

Donations were accepted.

Louise de Marillac
b. 8.12.1591  Le Meux, Olse, France
d. 3.15.1660  Paris, France

Louise was born out of wedlock near Le Meux in the Olse department of Picardy in northern France on August 12, 1591. She never knew her mother.

Louis de Marillac, Lord of Ferrires (1556-1604), claimed her as his natural daughter but not his legal heir. Louis was a member of the prominent de Marillac family. He was a widower at the time that Louise was born.  Her uncle, Michel de Marillac, was a major figure in the court of Queen Marie de' Medici.

Louise was not a member of the Queen’s court, but she lived and worked among the French aristocracy. 

When her father married his new wife, Antoinette Le Camus, she refused to accept Louise as part of their family. Louise grew up amid the affluent society of Paris, but without the stability offered by the promise of inheritance home life.

She was cared for and received an excellent education at the royal monastery of Poissy near Paris. Her aunt was a Dominican nun.

Louise remained at Poissy until her father's death when she was 12 years old. She stayed with a devout spinster from whom she learned household management skills in addition to the secrets of herbal medicine.

Louise felt drawn to the cloistered life at around the age of 15. She made an application to the Capuchin nuns in Paris but was refused admission. It is not clear if her refusal was for poor health or other reasons. Her spiritual director assured her that God had "other plans" for her.

Her family convinced her that marriage was the best alternative when she was 22 years old. Her uncle arranged for her to marry Antoine Le Gras, secretary to Queen Marie.

Antoine was an ambitious young man who seemed destined for great accomplishments. Louise and Antoine were wed in the fashionable Church of St. Gervaise on February 5, 1613.

The couple had their only child, Michel, in October. Louise grew to love Antoine and was an attentive mother to their son.

Louise was also active in ministry in her parish. She had a leading role in the Ladies of Charity, an organization of wealthy women dedicated to assisting those suffering from poverty and disease.

Her two uncles who held high rank within the government were imprisoned during civil unrest.  One was executed in public. The other died in prison.

Antoine contracted a chronic illness and eventually became bedridden in 1621. Louise nursed and cared for him. Depression threatened to overtake Louise as the illness took its toll on Antoine in 1623.

She had suffered doubt for years for not having answered the call that she had felt as a teenager. Francis de Sales and his friend, the bishop of Belley, acted as sympathetic counsellors to her.

She had a religious experience on the feast of Pentecost during the Mass in 1623. She decided that it was right to stay with her husband. She vowed not to remarry if her husband was to die before her. She would be able to make her vows of service to the Church in a small community.

She believed that she had received the insight that she would be guided to a new spiritual director whose face she was shown. When she happened to meet Vincent de Paul, she recognized him as the priest from her vision.

Antoine died in 1625. Louise had managed to find time to maintain her household, entertain guests and nurture Michel, her 13-year-old son, with special needs.

She wrote her own "Rule of Life in the World" that detailed a structure for her day.

Time was set aside for reciting the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, attending Mass, receiving Holy Communion, meditation, spiritual reading, fasting, penance, reciting the rosary and special prayers.

She had to move after Antoine died as she lacked the financial means to sustain the property. Vincent lived near her new residence.

He was reluctant to be her confessor at first. He was busy with his Congregation of Charity. The members were aristocratic ladies of charity who were helping him nurse the poor and look after neglected children. It was a real need for the time.

The ladies were busy with many of their own concerns and duties. His work needed more helpers, especially ones who were peasants themselves. Louise was well prepared to teach and organize the poor.

Vincent invited Louise to become involved in his charity work in 1629. She found great success in these endeavors. She became convinced that it was time to intensify her ministry with poor and needy persons in 1632.

Louise found the help she needed in young, humble country women who had the energy and the proper attitude to deal with people weighed down by the suffering of destitution. She began working with a group of them and saw a need for common life and formation.

She invited four country girls to live in her home in the Rue des Fosses‐Saint‐Victor and began training them to care for those in need.

Mobility was a major innovation. The Daughters of Charity were unlike other established religious communities whose religious women were behind cloister walls in a monastery and performed a ministry of contemplative prayer.

"Love the poor and honor them as you would honor Christ Himself," Louise explained. That was the foundation of the Company of the Daughters of Charity which received official approbation in 1655.

The organization had sponsorship, but little capital. The mission gave instruction in prayer for order with hygiene in the household.

Louise led the Company of Daughters until her death in Paris on March 15, 1660.

She died six months before the death of her dear friend and mentor, Vincent de Paul. She was 68.

The Daughters of Charity had more than 40 houses in France. The nuns have always been held in high repute and have a presence in all parts of the world.

While monasticism in France was not immediately transformed French monasticism had been established. The work of Louise de Marillac and Vincent de Paul helped to start the transition to service that was extended through the French speaking world to other locations.

It was a lever against the claim of papal supremacy.

Louise de Marillac
S.  路易丝·德·马里拉克
T.  路易絲·德·馬里拉克

路 Lu    road                        路  ro        path              Ru    ル    る             Lu    루  sack       
易 yi     easy                        易  eki      easy               i       イ-   い-            i       이   this           
丝  si    wire                         絲  shi      thread           zu     ズ    ず             seu    스  s             
德  de  goodness                  德   toku  ethics            do      ド    ど            deu    드   de                 
马  Ma  horse                      馬  ba       horse             Ma     マ    ま            Ma    마   hemp           
里   li     in                           里   ri       village            ri      リ    り             lil      릴    reel 
拉   la    pull                         拉   ratsu  Latin             ratsu ラッ らっ      lag    락     rock             
克  ke    gram                       克  koku   overcome      ku      ク    く                             

 ----------------------

Prayer, reading, meditation and church guided thought to particular petition.
The path to goodness went from the individual to the group with repetition.

Growth in the vision of self as connected by the personal to the social view
helped to overcome the impulse of desire by the movement to the true.

=================

Casting Crowns - The Well
Music Video

Leave that which is wrong behind to find the order for reality that is better for life.

Lectionary: Louise de Marillac
wiki LdM

===========

Socialism and Populism


The leading Democrats are either openly socialist or socialist without declaration.

Marxist socialism was defined in support of labor, either by government regulation or corporate selection. The institution of socialism as an economic form is against the attainment of education as a merit based system for employment.

This economic system imposes a degenerate influence on society. When people are hired because they don't have an education, it makes demographic despotism the rule for order in making decisions.

New York state declares itself a leading representative for education, but the mechanism for membership selection as used by the Tammany society are still employed for employment. It is not as openly behind the scenes as it had been, but it still operates like a ghost in the machine.

Populism is for the use of government in the redistribution of wealth. Huey Long is regarded as the leading representative of the economic policy for redistribution with taxation.

The hybrid economic form has found its way into the national media. Politicians don't emphasize concession to the demands of labor as in former times. Populism is the media expression for a 'socialist' agenda.

Factions are used to suggest that an anti-majority principle of government is necessary to correct the social institution of partiality in judgment.

When men aren't being accused of sexual assault as a form of sexism, white people are accused of institutional racism, because a minority can't institute racism against the majority.

It is a populist factionalism insofar as the factions are used to suggest to the public that government is necessary to shift the favor from due process in law to correcting the errors of sexism or racism with government favor. This adversely effects the distribution of wealth.

The epistle to James complained about wealthy people dragging the poor into court in order to win the court case with the influence of affluence. He didn't complain about people with less wealth dragging people to court to take money from those who were wealthier. Neither case is ethically justified.

A court case has to be determined on the merit of argument for justice. Was the person who brought the complaint wronged by the accused?

The gospel of Matthew also expressed bias against the wealthy when it was assumed that the rich man was the cause for the condition of Lazarus. He had been taking money without having earned it, while Lazarus sought nothing more than to ask for money from others.

It's not as though there are never wealthy people who exploit others. It's just not the case that wealthy people are always guilty of offending large groups of people.

Social security was presented as employment insurance for the payer and disability insurance for others. Socialists and populists use it for their re-election.

Donald Trump is not a populist. Family trusts are formed by private investment in privately owned corporations. It is an endorsement of capitalist enterprise that warrants merit. Many of those in labor who had their demands met by corporate employment have trusts esbalished for them.

Legal complications have ensured that the use of family trust for supplemental income is not too easy.

------------------

Huey Long longed to share the wealth.
Article: JSTR Daily

Long and Trump
Article: The Advocate

Populism was against the established authority as an agency for the wealthy. It advocated for increased taxes to redistribute or share the wealth.

Donald Trump has had to defend the public and himself against attacks from the abuse of authority by those who were leading the Democrat party.

HC used the media to declare that Republican had a war on women, so she could feel justified in going after men in the public perception. This included using the presumption of sexism  to authorize the claim of sexual assault with the support of media outlets.

BO used the media to imply that public opinion was stacked against black men. His position was used against the NRA and for taking a knee in football games. It was anti-majority in the implication that black men were oppressed by the 'majority.'

BO, HC and JB were working to increase hostility against foreign powers to authorize the destruction of Libya and the assault against Syria, Russia and China. Support for regime change was implicated as a promotion for ISIS and other terrorist organizations.

The Dems were the most aggressive in the media attack on successful Americans.
It is an error to define Donald Trump as a populist.

The only thing that Trump has in common with Huey Long is that he is fiery also.

-------------------

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Reach

12.22.19

Katie Holmes

Reach
Higher
达到更高
Dádào gèng gāo
より高く到達する
Yori takaku tōtatsu suru
ps61
Altius semoto

I have hiked into the highlands through rocky terrain.
I saw from a height that gave me a vision of the plains.



Sinai Wilderness

I had been lowered into the mud at the bottom of the cistern.
Deliverance from hunger was not a liberation that I could discern.


Ancient Cistern

I felt my feet slip into the deep dark waters from the mire 
but I was saved with help that made me feel honored with desire.


Dark Waters

I had called for help and was delivered.
I stood on rock with a gratitude that shivered.

Listen to my prayer for salvation with insight, benign Divine Light.
I request your help as darkness increases the length of night.

I will call to you from the heaviness of my heart
from the ends of the earth with a chart for the path of my part.

You set me on a rock that was higher than me
after I cried to you whom I could not see. 

You have been a strong tower against the enemy.
You have provided the remedies for adversity to my destiny.

The flag for the settlement was raised above the dust
to announce the measure of grain for exchange against the rush
for going bust.  

I will dwell in your house forever.
Your help makes my burden feel as light as a feather.

I will hide beneath the cover of your wings
to rejoice in the blessed favor that sings.

How do I get there from here
if I don't offer holiday cheer?

Goodness in life has been an answer to my prayers.
The preservation of your promise has strengthened my care.

The heritage of those who revere your Name
has granted me the capacity to tame ridicule and shame.

You will be given a sign to see the word as witness.
A young woman will bear a son and call him 'God with us.'

The birth of Jesus as the Messiah took place in the conception.
Mary was found to be with child by the Holy Spirit in the creative inception.

The gospel was promised through the prophets in the scriptures done.
Grace to you and peace from the Father and Jesus Christ, the Son.

The gospel needs the Church to nurture growth.
The Church needs the gospel to grow in significance and size to show.

Science holds an elegant place in faith.
It is like a spear thrust that defines a point in space.

Add length of days to life in the line of political succession
that public policy may become an expression of progression.

Let the leadership sit enthroned by grace
to be mindful of kindness for the human race.

Bid love to watch decision with faithfulness
that others may decide to work with gratefulness.

I will sing praise with respect for your Name
that my vows may be fulfilled for success in fair games.

-------------------------

61 Exaudi, Deus
Answer, Light

1 Hear my cry, O God,
and listen to my prayer.
2 I call upon you from the ends of the earth
with heaviness in my heart;
set me upon the rock that is higher than I.
3 For you have been my refuge,
a strong tower against the enemy.
4 I will dwell in your house for ever;
I will take refuge under the cover of your wings.
5 For you, O God, have heard my vows;
you have granted me the heritage of those who fear your Name.
6 Add length of days to the king's life;
let his years extend over many generations.
7 Let him sit enthroned before God for ever;
bid love and faithfulness watch over him.
8 So will I always sing the praise of your Name,
and day by day I will fulfill my vows.

----------------------
=============
----------------------

How do I get there?

Chn.   我如何到达那里?
           Wǒ rúhé dàodá nàlǐ?
Jpn.   どうやってそこまで行くの?
           Dō yatte soko made iku no?
Krn.   내가 거기 어떻게?
           Naega geogi eotteohge?
Ltn.    Quomodo illuc?
Itn.     Come ci arrivo?
Grk.    Πως πάω εκεί?
            Pos páo ekeí?
Spn.    ¿Como llego hasta ahí?
Frn.     Comment puis-je y arriver?
Gmn.   Wie komme ich dort hin?
Hng.     Hogyan jutok oda?
Trk.      Oraya nasıl giderim?
Rsn.     Как туда попасть?
            Kak tuda popast'?

How do I get there from here
if I don't offer holiday cheer?

-------------------------

Abridged Individual Lament of Jeremiah

Higher Ground


Psalm 61

The psalm is in the second of the three sections for the book.

It is addressed to the musical director of the temple. It specifies the use of a stringed instrument (Neginah). It is identified as a psalm of David, but it shares a similarity with the individual lament attributed to Jeremiah when he was thrown into the empty well.

Psalm 40:2

He lifted me up from the pit of destruction, my feet from the miry clay. He set my feet on a rock and made my footsteps firm.

-------------------------

The rock was higher than the depth of the cistern. It was higher than him.

Does the designation psalm of David indicate that there were times when the monarch participated in singing the song in religious devotion in the house dedicated to worship?

There is the distinct possibility that the designation was the reminder of the king's existence, even if he was not physically present. He was present in his absence by virtue of the reference to the name for the first in the line of royal succession.

All the kings in the line were loved by God with respect for the promise of the inheritance.

The prophet Jeremiah had predicted the destruction of Jerusalem. A number of officials were offended by the prediction. They wanted to have him put to death. The king allowed him to be punished by the officials according to their choice. They cast him into an empty well. It was probably no more than 12 feet in depth, but it was higher than his ability to climb out of it.

Jeremiah 38:6

They took Jeremiah and put him into the cistern of Malkijah, the king's son. It was in the courtyard of the guard. They lowered him into the empty well by ropes. There was only mud at the bottom. Jeremiah sank into the mire.

----------------------

The king was Zedekiah. He had said, "Here he is. He is in your hands since the king can do nothing to stop you." (Jer. 38:5)

Zedekiah had been made the king of Judah by Nebuschnezzar, king of Babylon (Jer.37:1). The Babylonians were attacking Jerusalem even though their king of kings had appointed the monarch for Judah.

Their army withdrew when they heard the Pharaoh's army had set out from Egypt. Jeremiah warned that the Babylonians would return. They would not stop the attack until they had destroyed the city and taken the leadership captive. (Jer.37:10)

Jeremiah went to the land of Benjamin to tend to the collection of his inheritance. He was charged with desertion to the Babylonians and detained in a house as a prison. He was taken to the king after some time.

He asked the king what his crime was. How was it that the prediction that the Babylonians would not attack was acceptable?

He asked that he not be returned to the location where he had been detained. He felt that he would be allowed to die. The king had him kept in the courtyard of the guard with orders that he be fed. (Jer.37:21)

The officials argued that Jeremiah should be put to death for his prophesy. They said it discouraged the soldiers and the people with his predicition that Jerusalem would be destroyed. He had also predicted that those who stayed would die by the sword, famine or plague (Jer.38:2). They said that he was not for the people. He was for their ruin.

Jeremiah was put in the muddy cistern indefinitely. Ebed-Melek, an official of the palace, heard of what happened. He petitioned the king for Jeremiah's release. He argued that the prophet would be left to starve. The king sent him with 30 men to pull him out of the cistern before he died. (Jer.38:10)

The king had an honest discussion with the prophet about the predicted outcomes. Jeremiah told him that he would be spared if he surrendered. The women and children would be taken captive, but he would be killed or captured, if not. (Jer.38:23)

Jeremiah was detained in the courtyard of the guard until Jerusalem was taken. (Jer.38:28)

There are a number of references in the psalms regarding the struggle with mire. This verse appears to be a direct reference to the experience of Jeremiah as the prophet. He saw his predicament as a portend of what was to happen to Judah.

The time in captivity would be followed by deliverance. Unsure footing would be replaced with rock as the terra firma.

It was not explicitly predicted that the appointed king would be replaced by a govenor or that the kingdom would become a province in the empire.

Psalm 40:2

He lifted me up from the pit of destruction, my feet from the miry clay. He set my feet on a rock and made my footsteps firm.

----------------------

This statement was modified in another psalm to allude to the sense that the experience of the mire felt like it was coming before something even worse. The reader is asked to imagine the sensation of sinking from mud into deep water where there is no sensation of firmness beneath his feet.

Psalm 69:2

I have sunk into the miry depths where there is no footing. I have drifted into deep waters where the floods have engulfed me.

----------------------

If you can swim, the experience isn't as frightening as it would be for someone who hasn't been taught. Being able to swim could make the difference between making it to safety and drowning in the depth of water. Fear is a determinant factor.

Psalm 69:14

Rescue me from the mire and do not let me sink. Deliver me from my foes and from deep waters.

----------------------

Knowledge of how to swim allows for the confidence that solid ground will be found. Fear contributes to panic. Panic is likely to result in unconsciousness or death due to water being taken into the lungs. 

The lungs aren't able to extract oxygen from the water. They can take it from the air.

Psalm 61 is short. It is not as descriptive as other laments. It anticipates deliverance efficiently. It anticipates it anywhere in the world.

The suggestion offered by the statement that he will cry from the end of the earth suggests that prayer for salvation can be offered from any location at any time that the heart feels overwhelmed.

The request to be led to the rock that is higher than I is based on the experience of standing on solid ground.

Anyone who has hiked to higher terrain can tell you that height gives you the ability to see the surrounding area. The sight of that which exists below gives perspective, provided that there is enough light to see.

The higher rock became a metaphor for defense. Build a castle on the highest ground in the area and you can visually anticipate the movement of an army.

This metaphor represented the vision of that which could be constructed, but it was based on the relation of the thought of the brain as higher than the feelings of the heart.

--------------------

Ask for a sign

 

The Assyrians invaded the Northern Kingdom in 737 BCE. King Menahem of Israel (743-738) became a vassal of the Assyrians.

He made two tribute payments to Assyrian King Tiglath-Pileser III according to Assyrian annals. He paid the tribute for the political support of Assyria to continue to rule with "a thousand talents of silver" (2 Kgs. 15:19-20).

Menahem was succeeded by his son Pekahiah (2 Kgs. 15:23-26). He was assassinated by Pekah son of Remaliah (737).

Pekah decided to resist the Assyrians. He made an alliance with Razon, the king of Damascus. When King Ahaz refused to join the alliance they joined forces to attack Judah. Modern historians call attack the Syro-Ephraimite War (735-734).

Judah was faced with invasion by its northern neighbors, Israel (Ephraim) and Aram-Damascus (Syria).

Isaiah took his young son with him to meet King Ahaz. Isaiah's son's name was Shear-Jashub. It meant "a remnant will return." The boy was a visual reminder of God's mercy in His promise of the preservation of a faithful remnant.

The destruction of Judah's enemies was prophesied by Isaiah prior to the conquest of Syria by Assyria in 733 BCE. (Isa. 7:1-10)

Isaiah delivered a message to Ahaz that invited him to ask for a sign to test the truth of the prophesy. (Isa. 7:11) Ahaz refused. He said that he would not test God. Isaiah replied that his sign would be the birth of a child.

The mother would call the child Immanuel, meaning "God with us." (Isa. 7:13-14)  It was predicted that by the time he was eating curds with honey with the knowledge to reject the bad, Ephraim and Syria would be destroyed.

The word almah in the original Hebrew of Isaiah 7:14 meant a young woman of childbearing age who had not yet given birth, however the Greek translation in the Septuagint rendered it as parthenos.

The word means 'virgin.' Jesus was interpreted as the fulfillment of the Immanuel prophesy in the gospel of Matthew. (Matt.1:23)

Isaiah 7:14

Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Look, the young woman is with child and shall bear a son. She will name him Immanuel.

-----------------------

You will be given a sign to see the word as witness.
A young woman will bear a son and call him 'God with us.'

=================

Grace to you


The  expression "son of man" (ben-'adam) appears 107 times in the Hebrew Bible. This is the most common construction for the singular reference to human nature. It appears 93 times in the Book of Ezekiel alone. It is used only 14 times elsewhere.

The phrase appears in intermediate plural form "sons of men" in 32 cases. As generally interpreted by Jews, The title "son of man" denotes humanity in contrast to deity or godhead. There is special reference to weakness and frailty by contrast.

The title is used by "God" in reference to Ezekiel in the book that goes by the name of the prophet. Ezekiel was the prophet in the sense that he was the representative of being human.

The title takes on greater significance in the Book of Daniel. One like the son of man came to the Ancient of Days and  was presented before him. He was given dominion, glory and a kingdom that the people of all nations and languages were to serve.  His kingdom was indestructible.

The imperial title "son of god" wasn't regarded as acceptable to Judaic monotheism. Opposition to the concept of the god-man marks the distinction between the Judaic and Islamic religions with Christianity.

It is conceivable that the notion of the emperor as the son of heaven started with the Chinese, moved to the Middle East and was adopted by the Romans by way of the Greeks.

The expression "son of man" occurs 81 times in the Greek text of the four Canonical gospels. The Son of Man had the power to heal with the forgiveness of sin. He came to serve and to give his life as a ransom for many.

Jesus came from humble circumstance. He was like Gautama Siddhartha after he left his royal station.

The use of the definite article for the Son of man in the Koine Greeek of the Christian gospels is original. There are not records of its use in any of the surviving documents of antiquity.

The title was shortened to the Son during the time of the apostles. The development of the theology for the Son of God would not be officially developed and accepted as Christian until the Council of Nicea in 324 CE.

When Jesus used a title to describe himself, he spoke of the Son of Man. When he was called the Son of God it was ascribed to him by others. He simply said that you had so stated it.

The profession of Jesus as the Son of God has been an essential element of Christian creeds since the end of the Apostolic age when Constantine embraced the Christian faith as the official religion for the empire.

Such professions were not applied to the acceptance of Jesus as the Son of Man. The expression was taken as Jesus self-designation as a continuation of the revelation of the truth of the law and the prophets.

It is likely that the preamble to the greeting to "all God's beloved in Rome" was added after Christian scripture was officially designated as the text for the imperial religion.  Religion did not present as a problem in society until the official form was treated as the only legal kind.

Such treatment was sectarian. It suggested that other forms were officially interpreted as an indication of rebellion or treason. The emphasis of the reformed epistemology is such that Christianity can be favored in debate, but the free will defense allows for other forms as legal provided they don't organize for riot, rebellion, revolution, world war or terrorism.

Romans 1:1-7

Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God, which was promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy scriptures, the gospel concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh and was declared to be Son of God with power according to the spirit of holiness by resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, through whom we have received grace and apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith among all the Gentiles for the sake of his name, including yourselves who are called to belong to Jesus Christ,

To all God's beloved in Rome, who are called to be saints:
Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

-----------------------

The gospel was promised through the prophets in the scriptures done.
Grace to you and peace from the Father and Jesus Christ, the Son.

==============

God Saves


The word almah occurs 9 times in the Hebrew Bible.

The prophesy in Isaiah 7:14 is one of those. The examples that precede that period of the timeline give an indication of the role of women in the society. They also lend meaning to the definition for almah.

Abraham had sent a servant to seek a wife in his former homeland. The servant told his master how he had prayed that should an almah provide his camel and him with water from the well, he would take that as a sign that she was to be the wife of Isaac. Rebecca was the young unmarried woman. (Gen.24:14)

The heading for Psalm 46 notes that the song is to be played on alamot. It could have been a reference to a special selection of women's voices or an instrument made in the city of "Alameth". It is likely that women in Hebrew culture celebrated life with music.

The alamot are listed in Psalm 68:25 as participants in a victory parade. They are listed after the singers and musicians. They were designated as the players with cymbals or tambourines.

A man with a young woman was described as something difficult to understand in Proverbs 30:19. The Septuagint translated the text to the way of a man in his youth. Proverbs was probably written after the time of Ahaz, but the sense of unpredictability was associated with youth and the future.

Isaiah 7:14 tells how the pregnancy of an almah will be the sign that the enemies of Judah will be destroyed before the son of the virgin grows much in age. Israel and Syria fell to Assyria within a few years.

Aram-Damascus, under Rezin, and Israel, under Pekah, attempted to depose Ahaz through an invasion in 735.

Judah was being defeated according to 2 Chronicles. Officials were killed including the king's son. Others were taken away as slaves. The Second Book of Kings states that Rezin and Pekah besieged Jerusalem but failed to capture it. (2 Kgs.16:5 )

The Assyrians defended Judah.  Israel, Aram-Damascus and the Philistines were defeated in a number of years after the start of the assault (736-732). The post-war alliance brought trouble to the king of Judah.

Ahaz had to pay tribute to Tiglath-Pileser III with treasures from the Temple in Jerusalem and the royal treasury. He also built idols of Assyrian gods in Judah to find favor with his new ally.

The Northern Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian monarchs, Tiglath-Pileser III (Pul) and Shalmaneser V. The later Assyrian rulers Sargon II and his son, Sennacherib, were responsible for finishing the 20 year demise of Israel's northern ten-tribe kingdom. These would come to be known as the Ten Lost Tribes.

Forced relocation for captivity began about 740 BCE. The ruling city of the Northern Kingdom, Samaria, was finally taken in 722 by Sargon II after a three-year siege started by Shalmaneser V.

The Fall of Assyria is conventionally dated between 613 and 611. The year in between is the most supported date. An allied army that combined the forces of Medes and the Babylonians with Scythians and Cimmerians besieged Nineveh in 612.

The fall of Nineveh led to the destruction of the Neo-Assyrian Empire over the next three years as the dominant state in the Ancient Near East.

Babylon became the imperial center of Mesopotamia for the first time in over a 1000 years. The Neo-Babylonian Empire claimed imperial continuity as a new dynasty.

The prediction that Assyria would fall as one of the enemies took place over a longer period in time. It took over a century for fulfillment. Babylon would fall to the Achaemenid empire in 539 well after the destruction of Jerusalem in 587 BCE.

The prophesy of Isaiah had relied on the predictability of success in forming alliance with the dominant power for the time.

The image of the almah had acquired a great deal of power in the time between the Assyrian and Roman dominance.

If Isaiah had meant that the young woman had not had sexual relations, the word betulah was more common. There here are two types of betulot in the Hebrew scriptures. The true virgin and the “betrothed virgin” (betulah m’orashah) are both cited.

The state of betrothal was as serious as the married state. The difference between the two in certain cases was treated as a formality.

The Greek translation of the Jewish text made in pre-Christian Alexandria took almah to mean “virgin”.

The author for the gospel of Matthew carefully explains that Mary had been engaged to Joseph before they lived together. The conception of Jesus as Christ was described as from the Holy Spirit.

This was to become the Roman theological preservation of respect for the psychological and social values associated with polytheistic mythology. Faith in one God preserves retentiveness about the historical development of society from the primitive to the civilized state.

Matt. 1:18

Now the birth of Jesus the Messiah took place in this way. When his mother Mary had been engaged to Joseph, but before they lived together, she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit.

-----------------------

The birth of Jesus as the Messiah took place in the conception.
Mary was found to be with child by the Holy Spirit in the creative inception.

===============

Science and Religion


Ruth Elaine Younger
b. 10.1.1897  New York City, New York
d. 12.22.1986 New York, NY

Ruth Elaine Younger was an Anglican nun, organizer and educator. Her dedication to the faith was an example to others. She searched for knowledge to overcome adversity with pleasantness. She provided instruction for the good life justified by faith with grace.

The book of Ruth provided her with a model for choice. Ruth chose to work with pleasantness despite the adversity that she experienced.

It was in the time when her life was unorganized in a society that had replaced tribalism with ethnic nationalism. She traveled to a different country to learn to cope with the life in which she had been raised.

People organized in relation to the political leader who had a plan to respond to the reported crisis.

Life in New York was ordered by ethnic dominance.

The ethnicity of the predominant political leader determined a hierarchy of favor in relation to the appearance of likeness in the social structure.

Sister Ruth used her religious discipline to consider what was best for education in religious values for the public.  This was her emphasis on community organization for the benefit of the state.

She founded a school in New York before she organized a religious community.  Her name was changed from Sister to Mother Ruth after she was made the Reverend Mother for the community.

Her life was dedicated to instruction in the faith with pleasantness.

New York City

When New York was named New Amsterdam it was a test case for a colony of the Dutch Republic in the new world. The monarchy had been defined as corrupt in imitation of what the Romans had done in order to promote their republic.

The 'Dutch bet' was based on the control of political administration by an organization that was designated for business.

The consequence was that the business administrator was the state official who made public decisions for the benefit of his trade. The "official" wore hats for the control of trade and municipality in the competition for dominance in the world.

The British eventually purchased the city as it was surrounded by a number of their larger territorial claims.

The British had retained a monarch, but the government decisions regarding the people were largely determined by the House of Commons and the liberal power of the Whig alliance with French and Dutch Protestants for Republic.

The population for the Protestant Republic was more largely uneducated than the Roman kind had been.

Bible study was supposed to be informed by the logic of Aristotle, but most Calvinists were not well educated. They held little interest in the cultural wealth of knowledge or higher knowledge. They had the distinct sense that Calvinism put the control of government in the hands of the local council.

Stories about witch hunts were replaced by those of the threat of savagery from the natives or a foreign power. The competition between kingdoms and republics made the threat more real than it had been. Dictatorship by the barely literate prevailed as democracy. 

Politics in New York City in the 19th century was controlled by the Tammany Society. This group wasn't limited to NYC.

The defining purpose of the Tammany Societies was to delight in all things Native American. Titles, seasons, rituals, language, costumes and so forth were viewed as tribal and democratic. Those who joined the society were self-identified as pure Americans.

Fernando Wood was the son of Quakers. Quakers were usually of German descent. His father failed at business. Fernando attempted to establish a number of businesses from 13 years of age.

He became a member of the Tammany Society at the age of 24. He won an election to the US House of Representatives in 1841, but lost the next one 2 years later. He won the election for mayor in 1854.

This instituted the Hall as a dominant social force in the political order. The new mayor declared that his goal was the same as his predecessor. He wanted to fight the corruption of the police force.

Many Irish families were forced to emigrate from the country as a result of the Great Famine in Ireland (1845-1849). The famine was caused by a potato blight. Between 1.5 and 2 million Irish had left their country by 1854. 

Most became city dwellers. They had little money so they often settled where the ships landed.
The Irish came to make up about a quarter of the population for the major port cities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore.

Boston currently has the largest percentage of Irish Americans whereas New York City has the most in raw numbers.

The popular vote in elections doesn't have a way to correct for error when it comes to lack of qualifications for office.

Tammany Hall celebrated tribal organization, but there wasn't anything to speak of with respect for educational attainment in law, political science or history.

Employment experience in relation to political office was not a consideration. Partisan party politics became the name of the game. The best candidates could be defeated by bad press, stage events and claims of corruption.

William Boss Tweed was of Scottish descent. He was most likely a Presbyterian, but he didn't have the education to prepare him to serve as a political leader. He had his participation in the Odd Fellows, the Masons and Tammany Hall and his efforts at establishing a business.

He won a 2 year term of office for the US House of Representatives in 1852. He was declared an attorney by a judge despite his lack of training in law.

He became a member of the New York State Senate (4th D.) from 1868 to 1873.

He became very wealthy after he was elected mayor for the city in 1869. He sold favor for his office while in power. Tweed's downfall became after riots broke out between Irish Catholics and Protestants over a parade that celebrated a historical victory against Catholicism. 

The Irish became a dominant ethnic group in the city through the political machinery of the Democratic Party in Tammany Hall.

Two Irish born men were elected as mayor before the turn of the century. William Russell Grace was elected from 1885-1886. Thomas F. Gilroy served for a year from 1895-1894.

The Democratic machinery hired a number of Irish to work as police by way of participation in Tammany Hall.

The Irish Democrats were mainly Catholics.

Life
Mother Ruth

Ruth Elaine Younger was born on October 1, 1897 as the third child of an interracial marriage in New York City.

The influx of Irish Catholics after the potato blight may have influenced her decision to seek a life of religious devotion. She moved from New York to Canada to join a monastic order. She entered the Canadian Sisterhood of St. John the Divine in Toronto and was Life Professed on Dec. 29, 1922.

The Sisterhood was founded in Toronto on September 8th, 1884. They have been a prayer and gospel-centered monastic community that answered the call to live their baptismal covenant with the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience.

Her discipline with prayer and the life of devotion helped her to develop the discipline to enter higher education.

She chose to study science as an undergraduate in Canada. She was a graduate of St. Hilda's College, University of Toronto. She received her B.A. degree with honors in natural science.

She obtained her teaching degree at the Ontario College of Education and taught for several years at the Qu'Appelle Diocesan College of Education and at the Bishop Bethune College in Oshawa. She returned to Toronto upon her appointment as treasurer of St. John's Surgical Hospital, she returned to Toronto.

It was prior to her selection of a statement by which she could investigate relevant documents on research for her graduate investigation.

Sister Ruth and Sister Edith Margaret were granted a leave of absence by their Community to begin new work in New York in 1949. They opened St. Hilda's School on Morningside Heights with a class of eight preschool children on February 2, 1950.

The school encouraged and maintained a fully integrated faculty and student body. Sister Ruth was the Headmistress.

The school expanded grade by grade. Co-educational academic training was eventually offered from nursery through grade 12 under the name St. Hilda's and St. Hugh's School.

The Community of the Holy Spirit was formally instituted on Aug. 27, 1952, when their vows were transferred from the Sisterhood of St. John the Divine. Sister Ruth was elected the Reverend Mother of the new Community. She held the office until 1976.

The Community of the Holy Spirit also founded the Melrose School, a country-day school near Brewster, N.Y. and St. Cuthbert's Retreat House also in Brewster. Mother Ruth's direction was necessary for the foundation.

Mother Ruth pursued a course of studies in education at the graduate level at Columbia University in New York. She was awarded Masters and Doctorate degrees.

A life dedicated to investigation is characterized by vision and revision. Assimilation and accommodation to new information contributes to the modification of acquired knowledge.

Mother Ruth applied her knowledge to the administration of her organizational duties. She served as Headmistress of St. Hilda's and St. Hugh's School until her retirement in 1985.

A critical question in the application of scientific inquiry to a life of faith includes the limitation of the investigation to the search for material cause as an expression of the Creator. Theism allows for the contrast of the immaterial with the material universe.

Prayer and faith factor into the search for truth, but it is not generally regarded as an area for evangelical expression.

It is taken as a matter of faith that the investigator is dedicated to finding the truth as an expression of the divine will for how things work in the natural world. Practical value in social or personal dimensions was treated as a goal for the search for objectivity in judgement.

The language used in science is dedicated to the exposition of the state of nature. What is true irrespective of the social or political conditions in the world?

A hypothesis is formed to test the general state of things for a specific outcome. The explanation of determination from the study can be so technical that the meaning defies ordinary levels of comprehension.

A more practical level of application may require tests for personal cognition in an ordinary place like a household.

There is an advantage to the scientific method in the step that is taken outside of partial judgment, but there is a consequence in the level of abstraction for practical benefit.

The study of education includes a survey of literature. The assessment of what others have found with respect for research is helpful in the determination of practical value.

An individual's quest for knowledge can serve as a source of information that can be shared in the context of community life.

Ruth Elaine Younger was dedicated to helping her students grow into responsible adults as faithful citizens in Christ.

Mother Ruth died on Dec. 22, 1986, after a two-month illness.

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Ruth Younger
S. 露丝·雅戈尔
T. 露絲·雅戈爾

露 Lu   expose       露  ro    dew                                Ru  る-      ル-          Lu     루   sack         
丝 si    thread         絲  shi   thread                            su    す       ス           seu     스  s         
雅 Ya   elegant       雅  ga    gracious                        Yan  やん ヤン       Yeong  영  spirit   
戈  ge  spear          戈  ka    battleaxe w spear           gu    ぐ       グ                                         
尔  er   you             爾  ji     you                                             

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Science holds an elegant place in faith.
It is like a spear thrust that defines a point in space.

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Lectionary: Ruth Younger
Episcopal Archives
NY Times Obit.: Mother Ruth
Cliff Notes: Raisin in the Sun, Ruth Younger?
Schmoop: Raisin in the Sun: Ruth Younger

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The debate between Brunner and Barth defined the direction for the Church in the 20th century.

Brunner was neo-orthodox. Barth was liberal. They both had a strong influence on German theology.

Barth was more popular. Brunner was better for the Church with respect for participation in the nation state.

The Gospel needs the Church to nurture growth.
The Church needs the Gospel to grow in enough significance to show.

Inspiration


Brunner is significant as a Reform theologian because his neo-Orthodoxy was drawn from the gospel. It was presented with respect for the return of Republic as a form for government.

He wasn't just concerned with the authority of local councils. His respect for statecraft and citizenship extended into international relations through the federal level.

The Protestant Reformation had suggested a movement towards science as the means to clarify reconstruction for public benefit.

Calvin's reform movement was bible-based in science for democracy in local councils, but it was antiquated with respect for the political norms documented by the bible.  It entertained sectarian and partisan superstition as a means to make decisions.

Brunner was part of the Swiss Reformed Church started by Zwingli. Zwingli allowed for federation in his political organization. His reform was republican as well as democratic in this sense. It also allowed for monarchy as a form.

The movement towards science as a means for making decisions in the public realm became so pronounced that it facilitated the growth of socialism towards communism.

Science-speak used Greek levels of specificity for the public. Scientific communication could become too obscure for general comprehension or retention.

Government officials came to develop a method of communication that suggested that their responsibilities were too complicated for the public to understand.

Expertise in knowledge of the language regarding particulars was so pronounced that the general public was used to reject concern for the religious population of the nation state.

Political causes were used to divide the general public into factions that could not lay claim to the representation of the constituency.

The extent of the extension of science in the Church denied Christ as God. This was true with respect for Counter-Reformation politics in society as well. The concern for the population outside the Church became so pronounced that the title Son of God was just used to promote secular socialism or populism. Jesus was defined as just a man.

The theology that supported this movement toward communism came to be called liberal by leading Lutherans.

Reason and Revelation
Ch.VII Gifford Lectures Reason and Belief

"Brunner was more interested than Barth in ethics and social movements. Brunner was a steadfast opponent of communism, while Barth, to the indignation of political thinkers like Reinhold Niebuhr, was strangely complaisant toward it."

The debate presented a strange contrast in neo-Lutheran Orthodoxy.

Communism was an atheist state. It was the Marxist extension of liberal Protestant or Counter Reformation theology. The communists sought to replace religion with science. There was an unexpected benefit in the application of dialectic in a scientific and conservative way in order to promote responsible statecraft and citizenship with reasonable political theory.

Winterthur

Winterthur reached 100,000 residents in 2008. It is located near Zurich. It is considered to be a satellite within the municipality. It is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to northeast of downtown Zürich. It is the sixth largest population in the country.

The population is currently estimated to be over 108,000. The economy is oriented to service and high tech industrial products.

The official language is the Swiss variety of standard German. The main spoken language is a variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

Napoleonic troops liberated the city from the control of Zurich in 1798.  Winterthur lies at the junction of seven cross-roads near Zürich.  The army that held the town held the access to most of Switzerland and points crossing the Rhine into southern Germany.

The forces involved were small, but the ability of the Austrians to sustain an 11-hour assault against the French line on the plateau north of Zürich resulted in the consolidation of three Austrian forces. This led to the French defeat a few days later.

The area became an industrial town when companies like Sulzer, Rieter and SLM built large industrial plants in the 19th century.

The town suffered from investments and loans to the National Railway as a private enterprise. A guarantee for the loan of nine million francs was made in 1874 with three other towns. The co-guarantor towns were unable to pay their share.

The entire burden fell on Winterthur. It had to sell its shares in the line in 1878. There were difficulties from 1881 to 1885 as the town struggled to meet its liabilities. It was helped by loans from the cantonal and federal governments.

The City Council (Stadtrat) constitutes the executive government of the City of Winterthur and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of seven councilors. Each presides over a department.

Emil Brunner

Emil Brunner was born in Winterthur in 1889.

He studied at the universities of Zurich and Berlin. He received his doctorate in theology from Zurich in 1913. His dissertation was on The Symbolic Element in Religious Knowledge.

Brunner served as pastor from 1916 to 1924 in the mountain village of Obstalden in the Swiss Canton of Glarus. In 1919–1920 he spent a year in the United States studying at Union Theological Seminary in New York.

He studied at the universities of Zurich and Berlin, receiving his doctorate in theology from Zurich in 1913, with a dissertation on The Symbolic Element in Religious Knowledge.

He served as pastor from 1916 to 1924 in the mountain village of Obstalden in the Swiss Canton of Glarus.  He spent a year in the United States studying at Union Theological Seminary in New York in 1919–1920.

Brunner published his Habilitationsschrift in 1921. This was a post-doctoral dissertation traditionally required in many countries in order to attain the position of a fully tenured professor. His paper was on Experience, Knowledge and Faith. He was appointed a Privatdozent at the University of Zurich in 1922.

Another book followed soon after. Mysticism and the Word (1924) was a critique of the liberal theology of Friedrich Schleiermacher. Brunner was appointed Professor of Systematic and Practical Theology at the University of Zurich in 1924.

He held the post until his retirement in 1953. He published The Philosophy of Religion from the Standpoint of Protestant Theology and The Mediator in 1927.

Brunner published God and Man in 1930 after accepting various invitations to deliver lectures across Europe and the United States. The Divine Imperative was published in 1932. Brunner continued his theological output with Man in Revolt and Truth as Encounter in 1937.

He was a substantial contributor to the World Conference on Church, Community, and State in Oxford in the same year. This position reflected his continued involvement in the ecumenical movement.  He returned to the United States for a year as a visiting professor at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1937–1938.

Brunner's ecclesiastical positions varied at differing points in his career. He returned to Europe before the outbreak of the war with the young Scottish theologian Thomas F. Torrance. Torrance had studied under Karl Barth in Basel. He had been teaching at Auburn Theological Seminary, New York.

He would subsequently go on to distinguish himself as a professor at the University of Edinburgh.
Brunner delivered the prestigious Gifford Lectures at the University of St Andrews, Scotland in 1946–1947 on Christianity and Civilisation following the war.

He retired from his post at the University of Zurich in 1953. He was invited to take a position as a Visiting Professor at the recently founded International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan (1953–1955).

The first two of his three volume magnum opus Dogmatics were published before he accepted the position. Volume one was The Christian Doctrine of God (1946). Volume two was The Christian Doctrine of Creation and Redemption (1950). Volume three was published in 1960 as The Christian Doctrine of the Church, Faith, and Consummation.

Brunner suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and was physically impaired while returning to Europe. It weakened his ability to work. There were times when his condition would improve, but he suffered further strokes. He finally died in 1966.

Heinrich Emil Brunner was a Swiss Protestant (Reformed) theologian. He is commonly associated with neo-orthodoxy or the dialectical theology movement with Karl Barth.

Brunner holds a place of prominence in Protestant theology in the 20th century. He was one of the four or five leading systematicians. He rejected liberal theology's portrait of Jesus as merely a highly respected human being. He insisted that Jesus was God incarnate and central to salvation.

Brunner and his compatriots in the neo-orthodox movement rejected in toto Pelagian concepts of human cooperation with God in the act of salvation. Pelagian concepts had an association with slavery in republic.

These kind of concepts were prominent in other humanist conceptions of Christianity in the late 19th century. Brunner and associates embraced Augustine's views, especially as refracted through Martin Luther.

Brunner re-emphasized the centrality of Christ. Evangelical and fundamentalist theologians mainly from America and Great Britain have usually rejected Brunner's dismissal of certain miraculous elements within the Scriptures.

Arch-conservatives afforded others in the neo-orthodox movement such as Barth and Paul Tillich a similar treatment. Some conservatives have viewed neo-orthodox theology as simply a more moderate form of liberalism.  They rejected its claims as a legitimate expression of the Protestant tradition.

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Emil Brunner
S. 埃米尔·布鲁纳
T. 埃米爾·布魯納

埃 Ai     dust                        埃  ai      dust                    E     エ    え              E     에  on       
米 mi    rice                         米  bei   meter                   mi   ミ    み              mil  밀  wheat       
尔 er     you                         爾  ji      you                      ru    ル   る              Beu  브  bro               
布 Bu    to announce           布  fu     cloth                    Bu    ブ    ぶ            lu     루 sack           
鲁 lu     stupid                      魯 ro     foolish                 ru     ル   る              neo  너  you               
纳 na    admit                       納  no   settlement            na    ナ-  な-                                       

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The flag for the settlement was raised above the dust
to announce the measure of grain for exchange against the rush
for going bust.

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Josiah Royce
Idealistic Pragmatism
for
Conservative Policy

Josiah Royce was the only major American philosopher who spent a significant period of his life studying and writing history. He taught a course on the history of German thought at John Hopkins after he had studied with Herman Lotze in Germany.

The concept of God lends itself to the interpretation of meaning in time. The analysis of this concept allows for credence in the value of the consideration of the reality of the divine existence.

He offered a lecture on The Conception of God to the Philosophical Union at Berkeley in 1897. He chose to define the concept with respect to the attribute of omniscience. It was knowledge that was presented as a derivative of the predication.

He said, "An Omniscient Being would be one who simply found presented to him, not by virtue of fragmentary and gradually completed processes of inquiry, but by virtue of an all-embracing, direct, and transparent insight into his own truth, — who found thus presented to him, I say, the complete, the fulfilled answer to every genuinely rational question."
(wiki: The Conception of God, Ch.1 text)

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Omniscience is not the knowledge of all that will happen before it does.
Free will allows for change in the variable range with respect for what was.

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This provides a Being who can answer any question offered for investigation. This was not only Aristotle's favorite attribute. It lent itself to consideration of Christ as the Logos or more abstractly, reason. This was the basis for what Royce called the "religion of loyalty" and any individual's search for knowledge with wisdom.

The will for this paradigm was the inner dynamism that reached beyond itself into a possible future and acted upon an acknowledged past. Space and the abstract descriptions that are appropriate to it are a falsification of the materialistic description of the universe proposed by the Stoics.

Metaphysical error proceeded from taking the abstraction of the material universe literally. The Stoic realism that was later adopted by Locke and the liberal Whigs who represented the Puritans in particular and Calvinists in general served as the motive force for the deception of the public into the support of excessive force in colonialism for slavery with the threat of genocide. 

Idealism without the criticism of this deceptive or fictional story line for dominance held a supporting role in the perpetuation.

The will to act for a practically realistic and possible future based on the acknowledge past was compromised in the process. The demotic populism promoted by liberal power was the greater tyrant who blamed some foreign agent as the greater threat.

The Democrats demonstrated that their majority rule of both the executive branch and Congress defined success in terms of opposition of conservative management policy. Overtures were made toward the elimination of opposition via association with socialist principles derived from the Marxist economic position. 


Oops!


The criticism of writing wasn't the only gaffe in the Phaedrus. Plato set up a false dichotomy behind the main topic of the discourse.

Socrates and Phaedrus spoke about whether or not passionate love was best, but the subtext was about democracy.

Pericles and Protagoras had increased the emphasis on the vote in Athenian society. This was countered by the Spartans with the emphasis on the Persian threat. This was the position that Plato supported.

His argument set up the reader to think that the choice of passion or dispassion in individual feeling regarding partnership defaulted to the choice of dictatorship.

Passionate love supported hormonal consent whereas dispassion resulted in cognitive concession to dependency on the economic providence of the dominant partner. 

All men had the right to vote. That which was presented for the measure of the will of the constituency by election was chosen by the leadership.

The leadership had the advantage of experience in administration, military organization and education.

The problem with this paradigm as Plato described it was that the women chose to associate and agree with women, because they weren't given authority in the decision making process. Men chose to get intimate with other men in order to defend their power.

Octavian chose to place an emphasis on the family when he attained to the august position as the Caesar. This position was added to the republic. The republic was more developed in terms of how citizens could rise to the power of a patrician in Roman society. .

Monarchy had been demonized in the process of making the republic look more desirable than monarchical democracy. Even the executive leadership of the emperor was highly conditioned upon the will of the patricians with significant concession to the demands of the plebians.

The emperor had to rise through the ranks of the patricians, the military or the plebians in the effort to satisfy the public as a constituent body.

One was drawn to lead out of the many. That one had the power to promote a line of succession by adoption as Julius Caesar had done or by family succession. This was the case after Octavian.

While the emperor wasn't elected by the vote of the Senate, he still had to represent the interests of the patricians and plebians or he would suffer assassination or defeat in battle with organizational support from other patricians.
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There was high risk in volatility that duty tempered by religious devotion to the gods helped to manage.

The Pax Romana offered to assimilate the worship of other gods, but the volatility of the system led to reports of sectarian judgment against monotheistic religion.

The power of the emperor was already thought to be an offense to the authority of the Senate by traditional republicans, but the position was tolerated insofar as it was necessary for competition.

Empire in the Middle East had made more progress in the movement towards adopting monotheism as the form for the official religion. It was the form for the official religion that didn't outlaw other legal types.

Progress in this development could not be successfully dictated by imperial or legislative decree. The primitive tribes in Europe were polytheistic. They were developed into monarchies, because it was regarded as the next stage in organizational development.

This political evolution managed to be successful in the prevention of legislation for the slave trade or slavery. The institution was regarded as an offense to the liberation of the captives as a political achievement by Cyrus as the Christ or Messiah.

Rebellion and revolution were used to re-institute slavery and republic. This was a major regression for European society, but the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people principle for legislation or judgment helped to outlaw slavery and legislate the right to vote for people of color and women.

Constitutional monarchy still represents a more conservative form in terms of cost for executive leadership to the public. Republican leadership has to keep an eye on this form of government in order to stay competitive in the world.

Democrats are currently stuck in Plato's Athenian model for democracy as dictatorship. Organization for the winning the vote is constrained to setting different factions of the public against each other. The only way that they felt that they could win public support was to agree to impeach the president.

They have been operating under the delusion that this action will help them to win executive authority based on concession to the House of Representatives. It has been a developmental delay in the evolution of republic.

The Democrats need to admit that the public is the constituent body for national security. Their staged events for media attacks for the impeachment of the president only factionalizes representation.