Showing posts with label citizenship. Show all posts
Showing posts with label citizenship. Show all posts

Friday, May 10, 2019

Preserve

5.11.19
Garden Gate

Preserve
Goodness
保持良好
Bǎochí liánghǎo
良さを保つ
Yosa o tamotsu
ps119.137+

Your judgments are secure and upright.
The shade of your shelter provides protection from ultraviolet light.

Justice has been decreed in faithfulness.
The path to citizenship has respect for due process.

Those who forget the cost for reform
are like enemies that seek to deform.

Your word has been tested in time.
Conservation is the value that is treated as prime.

I am one person in the greater scheme of things
yet the preservation of goodness gives reason wings.

Justice is the purpose for law that is true.
Augustness is corporate awe for what is due.

Distress has been the cause of trouble,
but progress in process allays scuffle that doubles 
the stress bubble.

Nobility in honor is a reward that lasts.
Grant me knowledge with understanding that I may stand fast.

I write loyalty on the tablet of my heart
to delight in the royalty that will be the habit for my practical art.

The Father loved you before the foundation of the world.
The Son let you see the consequence of pride unfurled.
Spirit builds appreciation for the grass that swirls.

Christ lives in the life of his people.
The grace of Jesus tends to that which is needful.            

The grace shown in the light of this love
commands attention like the sight of a dove.

-----------------------

ps119:137+
Sadhe Justus es, Domine
You are just, Dominated

137 You are righteous, O Lord,
and upright are your judgments.
138 You have issued your decrees
with justice and in perfect faithfulness.
139 My indignation has consumed me,
because my enemies forget your words.
140 Your word has been tested to the uttermost,
and your servant holds it dear.
141 I am small and of little account,
yet I do not forget your commandments.
142 Your justice is an everlasting justice
and your law is the truth.
143 Trouble and distress have come upon me,
yet your commandments are my delight.
144 The righteousness of your decrees is everlasting;
grant me understanding, that I may live.

----------------------

Proverbs 3:3-4

Do not let loyalty and faithfulness forsake you.
Bind them round your neck.
Write them on the tablet of your heart.
You will find favor and good repute
in the sight of God and people.

--------------------------

Write loyalty on the tablet of your heart.
Delight in your royalty will be the habit for your practical art.

===================

John 17:24

Father, I desire that those whom you have given me may be where I am to see my glory which you have given because you loved me before the foundation of the world.

-------------------------------

The Father loved you before the foundation of the world.
The Son let you see the consequence of pride unfurled.
Spirit guides appreciation to the grass that swirls.

===================

The World

Johann Arendt
b. Ballenstedt, Germany 12.27.1555
d. Celle, Germany 5.11.1621

Johann Arndt was a German Lutheran theologian who wrote several influential books of devotional Christianity. He is seen as a forerunner of pietism as a movement within Lutheranism that gained strength in the late 17th century.

He was born near Ballenstedt, Germany.

Ballenstedt

Ballenstedt is west of the center of Germany. It is situated at the northern rim of the Harz mountain range. The Harz is hill forest. It is a relatively low mountain range with the highest elevations in Northern Germany. The rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.

Ballenstedt is a stop on the scenic Romanesque Road. The route takes the form of a figure-eight with a northern and a southern loop. The city of Magdeburg is at the center. The route links village churches, monasteries, cathedrals and castles built between 950 and 1250. The buildings represent the emergence of Christianity in this part of Germany.

Romanesque Architecture

The Romanesque architecture can be recognised by the angular shaped structures with the arched windows and doors.

The Ballenstedt citizens were vested with brewing rights by the Ascanian prince Wolfgang of Anhalt-Köthen in 1512. The Ascanians came from the House of Anhalt.

Wolfgang met with Martin Luther at the 1521 Diet of Worms. He became one of the first Protestant rulers in the Holy Roman Empire.

Ballenstedt Abbey was stormed and plundered during the German Peasants' War. The war consisted, like the preceding Bundschuh movement and the Hussite Wars, of a series of both economic and religious revolts in which peasants and farmers, often supported by Anabaptist clergy, took the lead.

The German Peasants' War was Europe's largest and most widespread popular uprising prior to the French Revolution of 1789. The fighting was at its height in the middle of 1525.

Prince Wolfgang had the monastery secularised in 1525. He chose Ballenstedt as a residence and granted it town privileges in 1543. It received city walls in 1551.

Johann Arendt

Johann was born in Edderitz near Ballenstedt in Anhalt-Köthen.

The Reformation was in full swing. His parents were not satisfied with the training he would get in church schools when he was a young boy. They taught him themselves with special emphasis on the life of Christ in the believer. When he was older they deprived themselves even of basic necessities to put him through school.

Johann was studying medicine and science when he became ill with a painful disease. His physicians gave him no hope for recovery. He vowed at that juncture that if God would heal him, he'd devote his life to the Lord's service. He recovered and kept his word.

He studied in several universities. He was at Helmstedt in 1576 and at Wittenberg in 1577.

He took the side of Melanchthon and the crypto-Calvinists at Wittenberg when the controversy about the Eucharist was at its height. The term crypto-Calvinist described a segment of German members of the Lutheran Church accused of secretly subscribing to Calvinist doctrine in the decades immediately after the death of Martin Luther in 1546.

Martin Luther had published a treatise for the real presence of Christ against the Sacramentarians. The Sacramentarians denied not only the Roman Catholic transubstantiation but also the Lutheran sacramental union. The doctrinal standpoint admit to spiritual, not physical or corporeal presence.

The Calvinist Reformation was spreading across Europe. Calvinists wanted to help Lutherans to give up "remnants of popery", as they saw it. Calvinism had expanded its influence to southern Germany by this time. The work of Martin Bucer was influential. The Peace of Augsburg (1555) had given religious freedom in Germany only to Lutherans. The freedom was not officially extended to Calvinists until the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.

Bullinger, Zwingli's successor in 1549, had accepted Calvin's much less radical view of Christ's presence in the Lord's Supper. The Eucharist was to be more than a sign. Christ was truly present in it and was received by faith. This position was very close to the doctrine of the real presence.

Lutherans were more opposed to the political agenda of the Calvinist reform. The term crypto-Calvinist was against the anti-monarchical democracy. It is symbolically related.

Zwingli's reform was better than Calvin's in the sense that it allowed for greater organization within republican government. Calvin's democracy wouldn't admit to any authority outside the doman of a local council. The council was directly under the dominance of Providence.

Johann continued his studies in Strasbourg under the professor of Hebrew, Johannes Pappus (1549–1610). Pappus was a zealous Lutheran. The crown of his life's work was the forcible suppression of Calvinistic preaching and worship. Pappus had great influence over Arndt.

He studied theology under Simon Sulzer (1508–1585) in Basel. Sulzer was irenic like Philip  Melanchthon, the leader who succeeded Luther. He was a broad-minded divine of Lutheran sympathies whose aim was to reconcile the churches of the Helvetic and Wittenberg confessions.

When Johann had completed his education in the Lutheran universities of Germany (including Wittenberg) and the Reform universities of Switzerland, he accepted a pastorate at Badeborn, Anhalt in 1583.

He had to leave 7 years later. His Lutheran rituals irritated Duke John George, a Calvinist. He was deposed for refusing to remove the pictures from his church and discontinue the use of exorcism at baptism. Anhalt would become Calvinist in 1596.

Johann accepted an open pulpit at Quedlinburg. He lasted there nine years. He was transferred to St Martin's church at Brunswick in 1599. He later worked in Eisleben. He was general superintendent in Celle from 1611 until his death in 1621.

Arndt's fame rests on his writings. These were mainly of a mystical and devotional kind. His work was inspired by St Bernard, Johannes Tauler and Thomas à Kempis. His principal work, Wahres Christentum, i.e. "True Christianity" has been translated into most European languages. It has served as the foundation of many books of devotion, both Roman Catholic and Protestant.

True Christianity

Arndt wrote about the mystical union between the believer and Christ. Christ's life lives in his people.

This focus was intended to correct the purely forensic side of the reformation theology which paid almost exclusive attention to Christ's death as the atonement for sin. He encouraged his contemporaries to worship from the heart for the inward emotional component to reach true Christianity.

Arndt was held in very high repute by the German Pietists. The founder of Pietism, Philipp Jakob Spener, compared him to Plato. His  writing was used as a devotional book for two centuries or more by the Mennonites. He also influenced John Wesley.

Johann Arndt
S. 约翰阿恩特
T.  約翰阿恩特

约  Yue    treaty                約  yaku      promise         Yo     よ     ヨ            Yo  요 yo           
翰  han    writing              翰  kan        letter                han  はん  ハン      han 한 one
阿  A         ah                    阿  a             flatter              An   あ-ん ア-ン     A     아   ah 
恩  en      kindness            恩  on          grace                to     と        ト       leu  르  le       
特  te       special               特  toku      special                                              teu  트  the                                                               
--------------------------

Christ lives in the life of his people.
The grace of Jesus tends to that which is needful.         

===================

Arndt Pointed to Pietism - Christianity Today
Wiki Bio Arndt

Jacob Bohme
b. 4.24.1575             
d. 11.17.1624

It is pronounced Bo meh in German. It almost sound like Bomb. Don't yell his name in a crowded theater.

Jakob Böhme was a German philosopher, Christian mystic and Lutheran Protestant theologian. He was considered an original thinker by many of his contemporaries within the Lutheran tradition. His first book, commonly known as Aurora, caused a great scandal. His name may be spelled Jacob Boehme in contemporary English.

Böhme was born on 24 April 1575 at Alt Seidenberg (now Stary Zawidów, Poland). When he was 14 years old, he was apprenticed to become a shoemaker. He regularly prayed and read the Bible as well as works by visionaries such as Paracelsus, Weigel and Schwenckfeld, although he received no formal education.

He was master of his craft with his own premises in Görlitz by 1599. That same year he married Katharina Kuntzschmann. Together he and Katharina had four sons and two daughters.

Böhme had a number of mystical experiences throughout his youth. His mystic sensibility culminated in a vision in 1600 one day as he focused his attention on the exquisite beauty of a beam of sunlight reflected in a pewter dish. He believed this vision revealed to him the spiritual structure of the world.

It showed the relationship between God and man with respect for the importance of good and evil.
He chose not to speak of this experience openly at the time. He preferred to continue his work and raise a family. Böhme experienced another inner vision in 1610 in which he further understood the unity of the cosmos. He had received his calling to a special vocation from God.

Böhme began to write his first book, Die Morgenroete im Aufgang (The rising of Dawn) 12 years after the vision in 1600. The book was given the name Aurora by a friend. Böhme had originally written the book for himself. It was never completed. A manuscript copy of the unfinished work was loaned to Karl von Ender, a nobleman, who had copies made and began to circulate them.

Böhme wrote "De Tribus Principiis" or "On the Three Principles of Divine Being" in 1619. It took him two years to finish his second book. It was followed by many other treatises all of which were copied by hand and circulated only among friends.

The year 1622 saw Böhme write some short works. All of these were subsequently included in his first published book on New Year's Day in 1624. The title was Weg zu Christo (The Way to Christ).

The publication caused a scandal. It was followed by complaints from the clergy. Böhme was forced into exile in Dresden. He was accepted by the nobility and high clergy. His intellect was also recognized by the professors. He eventually returned home, but he fell terminally ill with a bowel complaint. He died on 17 November 1624.

The chief concern of Böhme's writing was the nature of sin, evil and redemption. It was consistent with Lutheran theology in important regards. Böhme preached that humanity had fallen from a state of divine grace to a state of sin and suffering. God's goal was to restore the world to a state of grace.

There are some serious departures from accepted Lutheran theology. He rejected sola fide (justification by faith alone). A difficulty with his theology is the fact that he had a mystical vision which he reinterpreted and reformulated. God exists without time or space. He regenerates himself through eternity.

Böhme restates the trinity as truly existing but with a novel interpretation. God, the Father is fire. He gives birth to his Son whom Böhme calls light. The Holy Spirit is the living principle or the divine life. Evil is seen as "the disorder, rebellion, perversion of making spirit nature's servant", which is to say a perversion of initial Divine order.

Jacob Bohme
雅各布·博姆
雅各布·博姆

雅 Ya      elegant                     雅  ga         gracious           Ya   や    ヤ           Jei  제이  moth     
各 ge      each                         各  kaku      each                  ko   こ     コ         kob  콥      cob               
布 bu      to announce             布  fu          linen                 bu   ぶ    ブ           Bo    보      bo       
博 Bo      obtain                      博  haku     command          Bo   ぼ-  ボ-          me   메      me     
姆 mu     governess                 姆  mo        wet nurse          mu  む     ム                                                             
--------------------------

The grace shown in the light of love
commands attention like the sight of a dove.

===================

Lectionary Bio Bohme
Wiki Bio Bohme

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===================

Sunday, March 10, 2019

Work

3.17.19
Gilmore Girls
Kelly Bishop, Lauren Graham, Alexis Bledel

Work
for
Health
为健康而努力
Wèi jiànkāng ér nǔlì
健康のために働く 
Kenkō no tame ni hataraku
ps27

The Lord is my light and salvation.
Faith is the strength for the nation.


Light from Light,
you grant me sight.

Outer to inner,
you make me shimmer.

Truth from Truth,
respect is due
from youth to youth. 

God from God,
you kept me from falling to the odds.

My faith will be held as dear.
I will not fall to my fear.

War was fought for supremacy.
I will put my trust in divine memory.

I have asked for one thing. 
There is one thing I seek to bring.

I wish to dwell in the relevant presence
of the elegance near the essential essence.

I hope to behold fair beauty
in the temple to which my faith drew me.

Protection will keep me safe in the day of strife.
Concealment will hide me in secrecy from sight.

My head has been lifted above my enemies.
It will remain lifted even when the tension of conflict leaves.

I will offer an oblation with great gladness.
I will sing and make music to overcome sadness.

Please listen when I call.
Have mercy with your wherewithal.

You say to my heart, "Seek my face."
I will seek your grace anyplace.

Don't hide from me.
Help the blind to see.

You have been my salvation.
Don't cast me from your relation.

Jesus is my Savior.
My transformation will be savored.

I believed that I would see your goodness.
I believed in your incarnate fullness.

Some of the separated had come to say
your adversary wants to put you away.

Deliver me from the adversity imposed by adversaries.
False witnesses have spoken against your beneficiaries.

Though adverse human relation has shaken me,
your support has sustained my family and community.

Severus raised the soldier's wage too high.
The tax burden became a battle cry.

Leadership for the city became divided.
Support for any one subsided.

Caesars were charged to serve Augustus.
Expansion was viewed as the way to fund thus for us.

Polytheism for Republic was seen as viable 
to organize groups to enslave the tribal.

The newness of respect for Christ
lifted settlement beyond slavery's divisive vice. 

The sound of the flower is a blessing that surrounds
the field that produces grain for the towns.

The procession of the Spirit
allows growth for those who hear it.

Faith in your production
will lead us from the path to destruction.


Show me your way. 
Teach me what to say 
and how to pray.

The communication of ideas is not the only purpose for language.
The experience of reception holds its own vantage.

Language can proclaim good news for faith
or it can be used to warn against doing damage as a trait.

The conjunct force of reason for principle
serves the public in the reform of that which is printable
as legislation inferred from the script that is biblical.

I believed that I would see the goodness of your word.
I believed in your incarnate fullness as a way to overcome the absurd.

Be strong and wait patiently my soul.
The Lord's pleasure will make you whole.


Ur of the Chaldeans = fire of thieves

I was brought out from the fire of thieves
to care for my land with those who believe.

Our citizenship is in heaven
for which this experience is the leaven.

Humiliation will be transformed.
To the body of glory it will conform.

We will use responsibility 
to shape our fertility with civility
for agility in facility.

Humility is not thinking less of yourself.
It is thinking of yourself less for the wealth of your health.

Capital is the ability for stock to generate revenue
from the sale of a product for a perpetually perceptive view. 

There are better things that lie ahead
than the bad that is left behind with dread
for that good which is worth the tread.



27 Dominus illuminatio
1 The Lord is my light and my salvation;
whom then shall I fear?
the Lord is the strength of my life;
of whom then shall I be afraid?

----------------------------------

The Lord is my light and salvation.
Faith is the strength for the nation.

Light from Light,
you grant sight.

Truth from Truth,
your strength is due
from our youth.

=========================

2 When evildoers came upon me to eat up my flesh,
it was they, my foes and my adversaries, who
stumbled and fell.

----------------------------------

God from God,
you kept me from falling to the odds.

=========================

3 Though an army should encamp against me,
yet my heart shall not be afraid;

----------------------------------

My faith will be held as dear.
I will not fall to my fear.

=========================

4 And though war should rise up against me,
yet will I put my trust in him.

----------------------------------

War is fought for supremacy.
I will put my trust in divine memory.

=========================

5 One thing have I asked of the Lord;
one thing I seek;
that I may dwell in the house of the Lord all the days of my life;

----------------------------------

I have asked for one thing.
There is one thing I seek to bring.
I wish to dwell in the relevant presence
of the elegance near the essential essence.

=========================

6 To behold the fair beauty of the Lord
and to seek him in his temple.

----------------------------------

I hope to behold fair beauty
in the temple to which my faith drew me.

=========================

7 For in the day of trouble he shall keep me safe in his shelter;
he shall hide me in the secrecy of his dwelling
and set me high upon a rock.

----------------------------------

Protection will keep me safe in the day of strife.
Concealment will hide me in secrecy from sight.

=========================

8 Even now he lifts up my head
above my enemies round about me.

----------------------------------

My head has been lifted above my enemies.
It will remain lifted even when the tension leaves.

=========================

9 Therefore I will offer in his dwelling an oblation
with sounds of great gladness;
I will sing and make music to the Lord.

----------------------------------

I will offer an oblation with great gladness.
I will sing and make music to overcome sadness.

=========================

10 Hearken to my voice, O Lord, when I call;
have mercy on me and answer me.

----------------------------------

Please listen when I call.
Have mercy with your wherewithal.

=========================

11 You speak in my heart and say, "Seek my face."
Your face, Lord, will I seek.

----------------------------------

You say to my heart, "Seek my face."
I will seek your face anyplace.

=========================

12 Hide not your face from me,
nor turn away your servant in displeasure.

----------------------------------

Don't hide from me.
Help the blind to see.

=========================

13 You have been my helper;
cast me not away;
do not forsake me, O God of my salvation.

----------------------------------

You have been my salvation.
Don't cast me from your relation.

=========================

14 Though my father and my mother forsake me,
the Lord will sustain me.

----------------------------------

Though adverse human relation has shaken me
your support has sustained my family and community.

=========================

15 Show me your way, O Lord;
lead me on a level path, because of my enemies.

----------------------------------

Show me your way.
Teach me what to say
and how to pray.

=========================

16 Deliver me not into the hand of my adversaries,
for false witnesses have risen up against me,
and also those who speak malice.

----------------------------------

Deliver me from the adversity imposed by my adversaries.
False witnesses have spoken against your beneficiaries.

=========================

17 What if I had not believed
that I should see the goodness of the Lord
in the land of the living!

----------------------------------

I believed that I would see your goodness.
I believed in your incarnate fullness.

=========================

18 O tarry and await the Lord's pleasure;
be strong, and he shall comfort your heart;
wait patiently for the Lord.

----------------------------------

Be strong and wait patiently my soul.
The Lord's pleasure will make you whole.

=========================

Genesis 15:7
Then he said to him, 'I am the LORD who brought you from Ur of the Chaldeans, to give you this land to possess.'

----------------------------------

Ur- fire
Chaldeans- robbers

You were brought out from the fire of thieves
to possess your land with those who believe.

=========================

Phil. 3:20-21
But our citizenship is in heaven, and it is from there that we are expecting a Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ. He will transform the body of our humiliation so that it may be conformed to the body of his glory, by the power that also enables him to make all things subject to himself.

----------------------------------

Our citizenship is in heaven
for which this experience is the leaven.

Humiliation will be transformed
to the body of glory conformed.

We will use responsibility
to shape our fertility with civility
for agility in facility.

Jesus is my savior.
My transformation will be savored.

=========================

Luke 13:31
At that very hour some Pharisees came and said to Jesus, 'Get away from here, for Herod wants to kill you.'

----------------------------------

Pharisees-separated
Jesus- God saves
Herod- hero

Some of the separated had come to say
your adversary wants to put you away.

=========================

Rome had been sacked by the Visigoths as led by their king, Alaric, on 24 August 410 CE. Rome was no longer the capital of the western Roman empire. It had been replaced by Mediolanum (Milan) in 286. Ravenna was made the capital in 402.

The last sack of Rome had occured around 390 BCE by the Gauls. It had been almost 800 years. While the invasion did not destroy the western Roman empire, it was seen as a major step in the direction of the fall.

The Roman polytheists had blamed the calamity on Christian monotheism. Augustine's friend, Marcellinus, had asked him to write a treatise in defense of the religion.

Marcellinus had been sent to Africa by the Emperor Honorius to arrange a settlement of the differences between the Donatists and the Catholics shortly before the fall of Rome. This brought him into contact with Augustine.

He also met Volusian, the proconsul for Africa. While he was not a Christian he had an interest in the faith. Marcellinus asked Augustine to write a persuasion for him to accept Christianity as the true faith.  The City of God was the product of this request.


Aurelius Augustine
City of God
426

“For to this earthly city belong the enemies against whom I have to defend the city of God. Many of them, indeed, being reclaimed from their ungodly error, have become sufficiently creditable citizens of this city; but many are so inflamed with hatred against it, and are so ungrateful to its Redeemer for His signal benefits, as to forget that they would now be unable to utter a single word to its prejudice, had they not found in its sacred places, as they fled from the enemy's steel, that life in which they now boast themselves. Are not those very Romans, who were spared by the barbarians through their respect for Christ, become enemies to the name of Christ?”

--------------------------------

Severus raised the soldier's wage too high.
The tax burden became a battle cry.

Leadership for the city became divided.
Support for any one subsided.

Caesars were charged to serve Augustus.
Expansion was viewed as the way to fund thus for us.

Polytheism for Republic was seen as viable
to organize groups to enslave the tribal.

The newness of respect for Christ
lifted settlement beyond slavery's divisive vice.

=======================

Locke was for slavery.


Locke opposed Hobbe's argument for the claim to absolute power by the monarchy. He rejected the use of absolute power for enslavement.

This was a parliamentarian issue. The English Civil War had amounted to Parliament taking the power to declare war from the monarchy. They then had the authority for taxation, legislation, deportation, colonization and to authorize military action.

The potential to increase profit from the precipitation of war had increased. This included the promotion of revolution as though it were a reform to the constancy of war. The context for perpetual war had increased to a global scale with the competition for colonialism.

The power of the monarchy was made ceremonial and communicative. Foreign monarchs were brought in when the parliament wanted a spokes person and straw man for their decisions.
The power of the monarchy as a symbol for conservative expenditure was enhanced by the large scale changes. Anti-monarchical democracy was also anti-patrician and anti-aristocratic. The liberal element for parliament pressed the case for their authority despite the implication.

Locke owned stock in slave trading companies. He was secretary of the Lords Proprietors of the Carolinas where slavery was constitutionally permitted. He flipped the argument against slavery into a proposal for it with Aristotle's justification of it as an aspect of perpetual war.
He stated that in war he had the right to destroy any who would destroy him.

Two Treatises on Government
Chapter 4 (IV)
Section 24

"This is the perfect condition of slavery, which is nothing else, but the state of war continued, between a lawful conqueror and a captive: for, if once compact enter between them, and make an agreement for a limited power on the one side, and obedience on the other, the state of war and slavery ceases, as long as the compact endures..."

---------------------

The implication of his statement is such that the reader is expected to believe that once war has been completed, slavery ceases to exist except as a drudgery. This was said with his knowledge of his support for colonialism as a force to make natives or those tribal people captured by the trade to serve as indebted to the liberal element.

There were two things that indicated that slavery was being instituted. He referred to "the perfect condition of slavery" as the "state of war continued." The global nature of the competition for colonial power was implied as a support for the institution. The slave was seen as capable of agreement to work.

Locke also asserted that the slave could end the slavery by taking his own life.
It needs to be noted that the claim to absolute power was used to justify the existence of the monarchy. It was not used to justify slavery. This type of argument can be inferred as the basis for the ancient Roman rejection of monarchy.

Berkeley's proposal for a seminary school in the Bahamas treated 'slavery' as a term of indentured service for boys to be trained to become clerical evangelists. Learning the language was essential to proclaiming the good news and living as a responsible citizen.

Manumission on completion of the course of studies was an implicit condition in the proposal. It may have been too explicit even for the time given Locke's expression of personal distasted for slavery.
It was nevertheless much less of an institution of forced labor than Locke's argument for slavery as a perfect condition to end perpetual war. Students were expected to work on a plantation while they were engaged in their education for the persuasion of the conversion of native populations.

Berkeley's immaterialism was treated as a joke that lacked sufficient force. It was a civil proposal for the government of civility though. It also looked at the experience of empire and made the least desirable aspect of it a contractually limited enterprise. The sum of his philosophy was for conservative expenditure in public policy.

George Berkeley
Principles of Human Knowledge
1710

Language

“…the communicating of ideas marked by words is not the chief and only end of language, as is commonly supposed. There are other ends, as the raising of some passion, the exciting to or deterring from an action, the putting the mind in some particular disposition--to which the former is in many cases barely subservient, and sometimes entirely omitted, when these can be obtained without it, as I think does not unfrequently happen in the familiar use of language. I entreat the reader to reflect with himself, and see if it doth not often happen, either in hearing or reading a discourse, that the passions of fear, love, hatred, admiration, disdain, and the like, arise immediately in his mind upon the perception of certain words, without any ideas coming between. At first, indeed, the words might have occasioned ideas that were fitting to produce those emotions; but, if I mistake not, it will be found that, when language is once grown familiar, the hearing of the sounds or sight of the characters is oft immediately attended with those passions which at first were wont to be produced by the intervention of ideas that are now quite omitted.”

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The communication of ideas is not the only purpose for language.
The experience of reception holds its own vantage.
Language can proclaim good news for faith
or it can be used to warn against doing damage as a trait.

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Education

Education was gleaned from telling stories in polytheistic culture. Priests told stories about their god or goddess. This helped people to appreciate the difficulty of political leadership.

The leadership was educated by tutors.  Mothers or fathers explained words to their children insofar as they were able. Education that wasn't directed to instruction of the aristocracy was developed by the priesthood for the appreciation of their stories.

Athens and Sparta had public education. Athens prepared students to become citizens. Sparta drilled theirs to become soldiers. Schools of philosophy were developed with the help of Eastern asceticism.

There were early explorations of monotheism by the Egyptian pharaohs. These explorations resulted in monotheistic cults in ancient Persian, Israelite and Judean forms of Middle Eastern culture. China and India developed monotheistic cults as well. These were shared with their satellite kingdoms and possible some tribal societies.

Monotheism was proposed as a simplification of polytheism in Greek philosophy by Xenophanes of Colophon in the 5th century BCE.

Rome took tutors from Greece, but they did not have public education. Their priesthood also developed language learning for the appreciation of their stories. The Church developed instruction to compete with the polytheists after monotheism was adopted by the Roman leadership.

The second Roman empire in Europe developed universities out of colleges. The colleges were likely formed out of the parish level instruction that was developed in relation to royal families.
Education was still largely limited to the aristocracy and the priesthood as clerical intermediaries. Greater advances were initially made in the Byzantine empire. Similar developments were made in Russia.

The Church of Scotland became the official state religion in 1560 during the Protestant Reformation. John Knox was a leader in the reformation that established the Presbyterian  Church. They uphold Baptism and the Eucharist along with 5 other rites. It is a reformed branch that did not reject the monarchy, but did not retain the episcopacy. Church government is led by a board of elders in accord with the teaching of John Calvin.

Scotland had 4 universities (St. Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen) compared to 2 in England by the time of the union in 1707. This was remarkable insofar as England had 5 times the population of Scotland and about 36 times the wealth. The parish system of education prepared youth for participation in the universities.

Contacts with England led to the effort to improve agriculture among the gentry and nobility. The colonization of America made a major change in the market for international trade.
Glasgow benefited from this opportunity for expansion in particular. They supplied the colonies with manufactured goods. Tobacco emerged as a cash crop for trade. It was re-exported to France. Tobacco lords dominated the city for most of the 18th century.

Adam Smith and David Hume followed Francis Hutcheson as leaders in the Scottish enlightenment. Hutcheson was the first to propose that the greatest happiness for the greatest number would become a principle for making decisions for public policy.

This principle was offered as an expression of moral philosophy. Adam Smith was a moral philosopher and the political economist. David Hume was an empiricist, but not a moral philosopher.
Smith proposed that labor was the wealth of nations. The division of labor was the means to produce a product efficiently. He defined capital as "That part of men's stock which he expects to afford him revenue."

Capitalism was an economic system wherein the government allowed capitalists to develop productive capacities in and for society. Large industry developed sponsorship for small businesses as distributors or independent agents for local communities.

Education was a generative value in this economic system. Adam Smith advocated for public education prior to the establishment of it in British society. Education wasn't legislated as mandatory for the public until the 19th century in the United Kingdom. Mississippi was the last state in the union to make education compulsory for the public in 1917.

Adam Smith
Wealth of Nations
1776

Pins and more

“In every other art and manufacture, the effects of the division of labour are similar to what they are in this very trifling one, though, in many of them, the labour can neither be so much subdivided, nor reduced to so great a simplicity of operation. The division of labour, however, so far as it can be introduced, occasions, in every art, a proportionable increase of the productive powers of labour. The separation of different trades and employments from one another, seems to have taken place in consequence of this advantage. This separation, too, is generally carried furthest in those countries which enjoy the highest degree of industry and improvement; what is the work of one man, in a rude state of society, being generally that of several in an improved one. In every improved society, the farmer is generally nothing but a farmer; the manufacturer, nothing but a manufacturer. The labour, too, which is necessary to produce any one complete manufacture, is almost always divided among a great number of hands. How many different trades are employed in each branch of the linen and woollen manufactures, from the growers of the flax and the wool, to the bleachers and smoothers of the linen, or to the dyers and dressers of the cloth! The nature of agriculture, indeed, does not admit of so many subdivisions of labour, nor of so complete a separation of one business from another, as manufactures.”

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Capital is the ability for stock to generate revenue.
The public is the market for the sale of a product or service as a fortitude.

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Bentham was known to associate with revolutionaries. The precipitation of revolution for his profit was an offense to common law.

His contribution to the reform of the legal code is significant, but it is marred by the individually self-perpetuating increase in reward for his control of the benefit derived from the reform as that which was demonstrated by Locke.

It's not that they didn't deserve anything for the risk that they took. There is the question of their taking so much that their contribution ceased to be a value to the people of the state. The same kind of trait is seen in the advocates for liberal expenditure by government. The cost for their war, change or reform is so large that it the benefit to the public suffers damage.

History allows for compensation in the sense that the reform to the legal code that was acceptable insofar as it was beneficial to the public in word can currently be accepted with conservative expenditure by the government as well.

Jeremy Bentham
Principles and Morals in Legislation
Text
1780

“…a body of proposed law, how complete soever, would be comparatively useless and uninstructive, unless explained and justified, and that in every tittle, by a continued accompaniment, a perpetual commentary of reasons: which reasons, that the comparative value of such as point in opposite directions may be estimated, and the conjunct force, of such as point in the same direction may be felt, must be marshalled, and put under subordination to such extensive and leading ones as are termed principles. There must be therefore, not one system only, but two parallel and connected systems, running on together. the one of legislative provisions, the other of political reasons, each affording to the other correction and support.”

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The conjunct force of reason for principle
serves the public in the reform of that which is printable
as legislation inferred from the script that is biblical.

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C.S. Lewis  (1898-1963)

C.S. Lewis was educated in classical literature at Oxford University in England. It is difficult to view his literature as Christian from the Calvinist perspective. Witches were regarded as enemies of the state along with Catholics in British Calvinism.

His contribution to Christianity in the English speaking world was to oppose prejudice against the Wiccan, Catholic and Judaic religions. He saw royalty as a bridge between the classical and contemporary worlds in a way that was similar to that of his collegial associate, J.R. Tolkien.

Puritans had entertained civil war and cruelty in punishment as the means to take the power to declare war from the monarchy. Their ability to profit for their authority by the precipitation of conflict was increased.

Parliament had already acquired legislative authority to write and enact law. It was a key reason for their institution. Taxation was added in time. Parliamentarians were actively engaged in deporting 'dissidents' to the state to populate British colonies overseas by the time the Puritans took over in the latter part of 17th century.

The Act of Royal Supremacy acquired greater significance with the help of the popular literature written by Lewis and Tolkien by the 20th century. The official state religion was not promoted as a means to punish non-Christians. It was a way to encourage social solidarity for the civility of the realm. The kind of thing that Puritans had called corrupt was recast as a public benefit.

The Hobbesian defense from attack was still regarded as a chief heroic and civic virtue. The authors of modern classical literature countered the greatest complaint to the official state religion with their fiction. The popularity of their literary efforts contributed to the transformation of English speaking society with their British style so people could view royalty as a stabilizing social virtue.

"Humility is not thinking less of yourself, but thinking of yourself less."
(Mere Christianity, C.S. Lewis)

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Humility is not thinking less of yourself.
It is thinking of yourself less for the wealth of your health.

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“There are far, far better things ahead than any we leave behind.”
(Collected Letters of C.S. Lewis)

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There are better things that lie ahead
than the bad that is left behind with dread
for that good which is worth the tread.

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Kanon Fukuda 3.12.95 Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
福田花音
福田凯恩

Kawagoe

Kawagoe is 20 km (12.4 mi.) northwest of the city of Saitama. The city has many historic buildings. It is called "Little Edo." Edo was the old name for Tokyo.

Kawagoe is located near the edge of the Kanto Plain in the Musashino Upland terrain. The Arakawa and Tawagawa rivers run through the city.

It is located about 30 km (25 mi.) from downtown Tokyo. The population was estimated at more than 359,000 in 2016.

Kawagoe Castle was the headquarters for the domain during the Tokugawa shogunate in the Edo period (1603-1808). 


Fukuda Kanon
S/mileage
ANGERME: Dondengaeshi

Fukuda Kanon was born on March 12, 1995 in Kawagoe. Her parents named her after "Pachelbel's Canon."

She began ballet lessons when she was 2 years old. She practiced for about 7 years. She auditioned for Hello! Project Kids in 2002, but failed.

She passed the auditions for Hello Pro Egg with 31 other girls in June 2004. The girls were trained in song and dance to prepare for stage performance. They performed as dancers behind the girl groups during concerts.

Tsunku announced in his blog on April 4, 2009 that a new group named S/mileage would become part of Hello! Project. The members listed were Wada Ayaka, Maeda Yuuka, Ogawa Saki and Fukuda Kanon. The group would produce miles of smiles.

The members of S/mileage graduated from Hello Pro Egg in May 2010 to form the new group.
She produced a number of photobooks, held birthday events and starred in a number of different groups as well.

The name S/mileage was changed to ANGERME in 2015. She announced in May that she would graduate from ANGERME and Hello! Project in the fall to pursue a career as a lyricist. She graduated on November 29 at Nippon Budokan.

Fukuda has already written a number of songs for different groups in Hello! Project. Four of her songs were produced in 2016 and 2017. She also wrote the lyrics for a soundtrack.

Kanon Fukuda 3.12.95 Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
福田花音
福田凯恩

福 Fu        blessing              福  Fuku   blessing                  Ka           か       カ           Ka    카  car   
田 tian     field                     田  ta         rice field                non         のん ノン          non  논  field   
凯 Kai       victory               花  Ka        flower                    Fu          ふ        フ           Hu    후  after   
恩 en        kindness             音  non     sound                       ku          く          ク          ku    쿠   ku 
                                                                                              da           だ        ダ          da     다   all                                         

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The sound of the flower is a blessing that surrounds
the field that produces grain for the towns.

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